BACKGROUND Tobacco smoking entails inhaling millions of fine particles with each puff, and it is intuitive that after smoking a cigarette it will take a certain time to washout residual tobacco smoke (RTS) from the lungs with subsequent breaths. OBJECTIVES To study the washout time of 0.3-1.0 microm particles after the last puff in 10 volunteer smokers by using equipment capable of measuring ...

∗ Much research has shown that a carefully designed auto rate medium access control can utilize the underlying physical multi-rate capability to exploit the time-variation of channel. In this paper, we develop a simple analytical model to investigate the rule maximizing the throughput of RTS/CTS based multi-rate wireless local area networks. Based on the obtained rule, we propose two distribute...

Performance measurement of Decision Making Units (DMU) possessing an array positive and negative type input output data has been extensively researched topic in Data Envelopment Analysis. However, assessment Returns to Scale (RTS) under problem only attainable after the deliberation a Variable assumption. Steps referred earlier were indeed purported solution around vicinity Unit examination pre...

Efficiency Analysis for Multicomponent Production Processes Conventional models concerned with efficiency analysis of organizations typically consider a single production process, or technology, in which all inputs are used the outputs. This approach does not account well situations involved several component processes whose and outputs may be shared by different processes. The main difficulty ...