The oesophageal groove reflex was examined in 6 milk-fed Holstein Friesian calves once weekly during the first 17 weeks of life. Additionally, the effect of different feeding methods (bucket, different nipple positions and openings), different milk temperatures (20, 30, 39, 45°C) and milk replacer concentrations (100, 125, 150 grams/litre of water) on oesophageal groove closure was investigated...

Haemonchus parasites are responsible for many losses in animal production. However, few studies are available, especially of zebu cattle. In this study, we investigated mRNA differences of immune response genes in naïve Nellore calves infected with Haemonchus placei, relating these differences to patterns of cellular infiltrate. Calves were infected with 15,000 H. placei L3 larvae and after 7 d...

I . Steers fitted with simple rumen, abomasal and sometimes duodenal cannulas were given isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets consisting of pellets containing equal amounts of rolled barley and chopped straw together with tapioca alone (B), or with some tapioca replaced by coarse soya-bean meal (M) or finely ground soya-bean flour (F). Diet B had an estimated rumen degradable nitrogen (RDN): m...

This review article summarizes the ultrasonographic findings of the reticulum, rumen, omasum, abomasum and intestines of goats. Ultrasonographic examination is done on both sides with the goat in a standing position using a linear array or convex transducer with a frequency of 5.0 to 7.5 MHz. The shape, contour and motility of the reticulum are assessed; this organ appears as a crescent-shaped ...

Homozygous grey Karakul lambs are born with a lethal genetic factor responsible for death at weaning age. When put on a high roughage diet under field conditions they develop distended, thin-walled rumens and sand impacted abomasa. Homozygous white Karakul lambs have a similar factor but survive for a longer period. Black Karakul lambs are not affected. The present study was undertaken to compa...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Atrioventricular plane displacement is a well-accepted method for assessment of left ventricular systolic function. We explored the ability of atrioventricular plane displacement to predict inhospital outcome in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety three patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction were prospe...

The effects of papaverine on carbachol (CCh) -and high K(+)- induced contraction in the bovine abomasum were investigated. Papaverine inhibited CCh (1 µM) -and KCl (65 mM) -induced contractions in a concentration-dependent manner. Forskolin or sodium nitroprusside inhibited CCh-induced contractions in a concentration-dependent manner in association with increases in the cAMP or cGMP contents, w...

To clarify the mechanism of displacement of the left ventricular diastolic pressure-volume function with alteration of loading conditions, the effects of nitroglycerin on pressure-volume relations in 13 patients were compared with those of amyl nitrite in 13 other patients during cardiac catheterization. After nitroglycerin, average systemic mean arterial pressure declined by 15.1 mm Hg (17%) a...