The Leech lattice is the exceptional lattice in dimension 24. Soon after its discovery by Leech [9], it was conjectured that it is extremal for several geometric problems in R: the kissing number problem, the sphere packing problem, and the sphere covering problem. In 1979, Odlyzko and Sloane and independently Levenshtein solved the kissing number problem in dimension 24 by showing that the Lee...

The incidence of non-healing ulcer is 1-2 percent in developed countries. In Indian community its prevalence reported year 2004 was 4.8 per 1000 populations. It may increase many folds future because number old persons, diabetes mellitus and vascular diseases
 A male patient aged 63yrs. came to surgery OPD Majeedia Unani Hospital, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, October 2019, with the complain o...

The Retzius neuron from the leech, growing in culture on the plant lectin concanavalin A as substrate, produces broad flat growth cones and thick bundles of processes. The same cell extends fine straight processes with numerous branches when grown on a laminin-like substrate extracted from leech central nervous system extracellular matrix, referred to as "leech laminin extract." Cells growing o...

Animals house a community of bacterial symbionts in their digestive tracts that contribute to their well being. The medicinal leech, Hirudo verbana, has a remarkably simple gut population carrying two extracellular microbes in the crop where the ingested blood is stored. This simplicity renders it attractive for studying colonization factors. Aeromonas veronii, one of the leech symbionts, can b...

We recorded from lobster and leech neurons with two sharp electrodes filled with solutions often used with these preparations (lobster: 0.6 M K2SO4 or 2.5 M KAc; leech: 4 M KAc), with solutions approximately matching neuron cytoplasm ion concentrations, and with 6.5 M KAc (lobster, leech) and 0.6 M KAc (lobster). We measured membrane potential, input resistance, and transient and sustained depo...

The study of several Lake Baikal leech collections offered us the possibility to determine species diversity in the Chivyrkuy Gulf, the biggest one in the lake. As a result, the first information on the Chivyrkuy Hirudinea fauna (Annelida, Clitellata) has been revealed. There are two orders and four families of leeches in the Chivyrkuy Gulf: order Rhynchobdellida (families Glossiphoniidae and P...

A highly conserved ortholog of the human complex p43/endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide II (EMAPII) was characterized in the CNS of the leech Hirudo medicinalis. As observed in mammals, the leech complex is processed to release the cytokine HmEMAPII. Taking advantages of these similarities, we have attempted to elucidate the role of EMAPII in the CNS using the leech model. Although EMA...

A bstmct-A new efficient algorithm for bounded-distance decoding of the Leech la t t ice is presented. The algori thm decodes correctly at least ulp to the guaranteed error-correction radius of the Leech lattice. The proposed decoder is based on projecting the points of the Leech lattice onto the codewords of the (6,3,4) quar te rnary code, the hezacode Ne. Project ion on the hexacode induces p...

The medicinal leech has established a long-term mutualistic association with Aeromonas veronii, a versatile bacterium which can also display free-living waterborne and fish- or human-pathogenic lifestyles. Here, we investigated the role of antibiotics in the dynamics of interaction between the leech and its gut symbiont Aeromonas. By combining biochemical and molecular approaches, we isolated a...

An increase in intracellular cyclic AMP concentration stimulates transepithelial Na(+) transport across the skin of the leech Hirudo medicinalis, but it is unclear how cytosolic cyclic AMP levels are elevated in vivo. In search of this external stimulus, we performed Ussing chamber experiments to test several peptide hormones and neurotransmitters for their effect on Na(+) transport across leec...