I n t r o d u c t i o n Kuwa i t belongs to a grouping of count r ies — the Arab Gulf States — w i t h un ique charac te r i s t i cs in re la t ion to other develop ing countr ies. Their vast f inanc ia l resources coup led w i t h thei r smal l popu la t i ons have given them the h ighes t per capita i ncomes in the wor ld . Kuwa i t , like i ts ne ighbours , faces a cha l leng ing m a n p o ...

Colonially inherited institutions are a key determinant of the regime type and economic outcomes postcolonial countries. This study extends this claim to civil-military relations, arguing that former French colonies especially likely invest in structural coup-proofing. France created paramilitary units throughout its for which many natives were recruited. After independence, these paramilitarie...

The erythropoietin (Epo) gene is regulated by hypoxia-inducible cis-acting elements in the promoter and in a 3' enhancer, both of which contain consensus hexanucleotide hormone receptor response elements which are important for function. A group of 11 orphan nuclear receptors, transcribed and translated in vitro, were screened by the electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Of these, hepatic nucle...

November 2017 saw the Zimbabwean Defence Forces executing a military coup against Mr Robert Mugabe, Zimbabwe's long-serving President. The sought to justify on basis that there were divisions in party government - ZANU-PF and it was stepping protect what called gains of liberation struggle. demanded, among other things, reinstatement those members who had been removed from their positions. By b...

— In order to have drinking water, some countries have to use chlorine. It is use cause is effective and it's cheap. An alternative to this process is the UV disinfection of drinking water. Most of the devices in the market use UV bulbs or mercury lamps. The UV LED, which is cheaper and smaller, allows creating new smaller devices. The main contribution of this paper is the use of Genetic Algor...

The surface levels of major histocompatibility complex class I antigens are diminished on tumorigenic adenovirus type 12 (Ad12)-transformed cells, enabling them to escape from immunosurveillant cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). This is due to the down-regulation of the class I transcriptional enhancer, in which there is strong binding of the repressor COUP-TFII and lack of binding of the activato...

When I prepared the title and the abstract for this paper in mid-September last year I had no idea that, within days, the three-time elected Thaksin government would be overthrown by a military coup. This coup was very unfortunate for democracy in Thailand but it was rather more fortunate for my paper as the coup, and the reaction to it, underlined many of the points I was planning to make abou...