OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two bonding systems, with and without antibacterial monomers, on marginal bacterial and dye leakage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Class V cavities were prepared in extracted teeth for a bacterial leakage test, and the teeth were sterilized using a steam autoclave. Four cavities were not restored for the controls, and the other teeth w...

A study was undertaken to assess the phytotoxicity of citronellal, an oxygenated monoterpenoid with an aldehyde group, towards some weedy species [Ageratum conyzoides L., Chenopodium album L., Parthenium hysterophorus L., Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.), Garcke, Cassia occidentalis L. and Phalaris minor Retz.]. A significant effect on weed emergence and early seedling growth was observed in a d...

BACKGROUND OR STATEMENT OF PROBLEM As, the longevity of provisional restorations is related to, a perfect adaptation and a strong, long-term union between restoration and teeth structures, therefore, evaluation of marginal leakage of provisional restorative materials luted with cements using the standardized procedures is essential. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To compare the marginal leakage of the p...

BACKGROUND Lubrication of cuffed tracheal tubes (CTTs) reduces liquid leakage. However, it is not clear how cuff lubrication influences air leakage. We aimed to test the hypothesis that pretreatment with K-Y jelly, a water-soluble lubricant, would improve the air-sealing performance of pediatric CTTs in a model study. METHODS We placed Parker Flex-Tip™ CTT with 4.0- and 5.0-mm internal diamet...

InAIAslInGaAs HFET’s fabricated by conventional mesa isolation have a potential parasitic gate-leakage path where the gate metallization overlaps the exposed channel edge at the mesa sidewall. We have unmistakably proven the existence of this path by fabricating special heterojunction diodes with different mesa-sidewall gate-metal overlap lengths. We find that sidewall leakage is a function of ...

leakage in water distribution networks causes waste of water and economical losses. in this paper a new method is presented to calculate nodal and pipes leakage in water distribution systems using capabilities of epanet2.10 software. the method estimate the total water losses in the system based on iwa methodology using minimum night flow (mnf) measurements. recognising the pressure dependency ...

A 43-year-old woman presented with 20-year history of leakage of urine per vaginam. She had one failed repair attempt. Pelvic examination with dye test showed leakage of clear urine suggestive of ureterovaginal fistula. The preoperative intravenous urogram revealed duplex ureter and cystoscopy showed normally cited ureteric orifices with two other ectopic ureteric openings and bladder diverticu...

This paper proposes a comprehensive SRAM cell optimization scheme that minimizes leakage power under ultra-low standby supply voltage (VDD). The theoretical limit of data retention voltage (DRV), the minimum VDD that preserves the states of a memory cell, was derived to be 50 mV for an industrial 90 nm technology. A DRV design model was developed on parameters including body bias, sizing, and c...

Telecommunication functions of electronic devices have been and will continue to increase. The so called smart community, a society in which more advanced communications technology is used, will enable life to be increasingly convenient. Thus, telecommunications will become more and more important. However, when such functions become unavailable for some reason, it will negatively impact societ...