a 29-year-old woman was referred to our hospital due to exacerbation in dyspnea on exertion and easy fatigability. a known case of congenitally corrected transposition of the great vessels and congenital complete heart block, she had already received a permanent single-chamber pacemaker. decision was made to implant a biventricular pacemaker for the treatment of the failing heart. excellent cor...

The average age of patients with an indication for pacing is 75 years at the time of implantation. However, permanent pacemaker therapy can be necessary at all ages, from newborn to the nonagenarian. Particularly in these age groups, age matters: in small children, there are technical and anatomical considerations that render pacemaker implantation difficult; in very old patients, their relativ...

Geogenic and anthropogenic activities introduce certain metals into the environment which tend to deteriorate the quality of both surface and groundwater in the Bosomtwe Crater Lake and its surroundings. In this study spatio-temporal variations in concentrations and risk assessment of selected trace metals (As, Fe, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd and Ni) were investigated during the wet and dry seasons for surf...

The aims of this study were to determine Cd and Pb contents in wild mushrooms from the eastern region of the “Green Lungs” of Poland (GLP), compare them to Cd and Pb contents in some popular species of cultivated mushrooms, and evaluate mushroom contribution to the daily intake of Cd and Pb. Trace elements were determined in 21 species of edible mushrooms: 18 species of wild mushrooms and 3 spe...

Infection of cells with picornaviruses can lead to a block in protein secretion. For poliovirus this is achieved by the 3A protein, and the consequent reduction in secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and surface expression of major histocompatibility complex class I proteins may inhibit host immune responses in vivo. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), another picornavirus, can cause persis...

In 1994 Langford and Hellman introduced a combination of differential and linear cryptanalysis under two default independence assumptions, known as differential-linear cryptanalysis, which is based on the use of a differential-linear distinguisher constructed by concatenating a linear approximation with a (truncated) differential with probability 1. In 2002, by using an additional assumption, B...

In 1994 Langford and Hellman introduced a combination of differential and linear cryptanalysis under two default independence assumptions, known as differential-linear cryptanalysis, which is based on the use of a differential-linear distinguisher constructed by concatenating a linear approximation with a (truncated) differential with probability 1. In 2002, by using an additional assumption, B...

To facilitate the explanation of Fig. 1, the QRS complexes are labelled. The first two show a normal QRS preceded by a normal PR interval. Thereafter the QRS configuration changes. Complexes 3 to 6 show gradual widening, a frontal axis shift to horizontal and loss of the initial q in leads I and V6, an rS pattern in lead III, and the development of a left bundle branch block-like QRS configurat...

Disturbances of conduction in the heart may be purely functional, when for example demands are made on the conduction path very early in diastole as seen in blocked and aberrantly conducted auricular extrasystoles (Scherf and Boyd, 1940), or when too many stimuli are presented for conduction within a short time as with the incomplete A-V block that always exists in auricular fibrillation. Condu...