This paper presents a novel approach to approve better network lifetime with the help of Swarm Intelligence (SI) technique which serves an ideal model of formulating routing protocols for WSNs. In this paper, wireless sensor network is firstly deployed and secondly the sensor nodes are communicated among themselves with the help of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) so that it can find out the short...

The anthology, Feminist Bioethics, edited by Jackie Leach Scully, Laurel E. Baldwin-Ragaven, and Petya Fitzpatrick, examines how feminist bioethics theoretically and methodologically challenges mainstream bioethics, and whether these approaches are useful for exploring difference in other contexts. It offers critical conceptual analyses of “autonomy”, “universality”, and “trust”, and covers top...

Energy-efficient routing is a critical problem in multihop WSN due to the severe power consumption of wireless nodes, the research on routing algorithm is pivotal in the architecture of WSN. This paper analyzes the implementation and existing issues in LEACH. Specifically for node energy and the network lifetime, it proposes an energyefficient routing algorithm based on cycle-switching cluster ...

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) routing is complex due to its dynamic nature, computational overhead, limited battery life, non-conventional addressing scheme, self-organization, and sensor nodes limited transmission range. An energy efficient routing protocol is a major concern in WSN. LEACH is a hierarchical WSN routing protocol to increase network life. It performs self-organizing and re-clust...

The wireless sensor network (WSN) technology is a key component for ubiquitous computing. In order to achieve the long term operation of WSNs, communication protocols based on clustering have been extensively studied such as LEACH, ACE and HEED. In this paper, we propose two types of clustering methods for WSNs. The first type, which is based on centralized management, employs vector quantizati...

Low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol is studied. A cluster head optimization strategy for wireless sensor network (WSN) is proposed by using univariate marginal distribution algorithm (UMDA). The novel routing protocol is named UMDA_LEACH. It considers the overall situation in the effect of all cluster head nodes with the help of probabilistic model. By so doing, it improve...

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are comprised of thousands of sensor nodes, with restricted energy, that cooperate to accomplish a sensing task. Various routing Protocols are designed for transmission in WSNs. In this paper, we proposed a hybrid routing protocol: Zonal-Stable Election Protocol (Z-SEP) for heterogeneous WSNs. In this protocol, some nodes transmit data directly to base station wh...

The Internet of Vehicles is increasingly becoming an indispensable platform to make interactions among vehicles, humans, and roadside infrastructures, it continuing evolve with improvements on its application scenarios service robustness. Academia industry have also been concerned the security issue (IoV). Blockchain technology provides a new solution improve IoV, has drawn increased attention....

Energy efficient communication is significantly important for Wireless Sensor Networks as the energy is a scarce and constrained resource. In this paper, we have proposed a different version of LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) protocol called Voronoi LEACH, where the clusters in LEACH are replaced with Voronoi regions. The proposed protocol has better properties for energy effic...