Low birth weight (LBW) is associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance and downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) genes when exposed to a metabolic challenge of high-fat overfeeding (HFO). To elaborate further on the differential effects of HFO in LBW subjects, we measured in vivo mitochondrial function, insulin secretion, hepatic glucose production, and plasma levels o...

BACKGROUND The majority of research to date on low birthweight (LBW) has emphasized maternal characteristics, and less so how maternal risk is shaped (via contextual factors). This study aims to understand how neighbourhood characteristics influence LBW, independently and in interaction with individual factors, in the context of community-defined neighbourhoods. METHOD All singleton births fo...

Neonatal period is the most hazardous period of life because of various problems/ diseases which a neonate faces. There is great over lap between the risks associated with morbidity and mortality in the perinatal and neonatal periods. The present study aimed to identify the profile and risk factors for neonatal mortality among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in pediatri...

INTRODUCTION The aims of the study are (i) to understand inter-zone and interstate variation of low birth weight (LBW) and (ii) to determine the key variables to reduce LBW in India. METHODS Using the latest National Family Health Survey (NFHS) data of 2005-06 which showed the percentage distribution of LBW infants, ANOVA and post-hoc test were performed to determine the spatial variation of ...

BACKGROUND Prenatal smoke exposure is associated with airway inflammation and asthma in children. It also increases the risk of low birth weight (LBW). LBW is associated with decreased lung function independently of smoking. OBJECTIVE To study the independent and joint effects of prenatal smoking and LBW on childhood asthma. METHODS In 1996, all children aged 7 to 8 years in 3 cities in nor...

OBJECTIVE To explore the association between maternal low birth weight (LBW) and adverse perinatal outcomes and to discriminate between confounders and mediating factors of these associations in a population-based birth cohort of Southern Brazil. METHODS Data from 794 female members of the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study known to have delivered a live-born singleton offspring up to December 2...

BACKGROUND Oxidative damage to placental DNA can result in negative pregnancy outcomes, including intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and low birth weight (LBW). OBJECTIVE We investigated associations between the levels of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2´-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), a marker of oxidative DNA damage, in placental DNA, exposure to air pollutants during pregnancy, genetic polymorphisms in ...

INTRODUCTION This study analyses the DHS 1993, 2000 and 2006-07 and NFSS 2009 survey data to investigate trends, inequalities and determinants of low birth weight (LBW) in Sri Lanka. METHODS We re-evaluated recent trends in LBW incidence, adjusting for changes in the coverage of DHS surveys to ensure comparability, and used multivariate logistic regression to investigate determinants. We quan...

OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of low birth weight (LBW) on the components of insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) in Caucasian and African-American children aged 4-14 years (n = 560 observations among 139 subjects). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A linear random-effects modeling analysis with repeated measures (average four annual visits per child) was conducted to examine the associations betwe...

The authors used a transgenerational data set of Illinois vital records to ascertain the relation between parental birth weights and infant birth weight. The infant generation consisted of all African Americans and whites born in Illinois during 1989-1991. The parent generation included the mothers and fathers who were also born in Illinois between 1956 and 1975. In the infant cohort, the rate ...