This paper presents finite element analysis (FEA) of a coated and uncoated cylinder heads of a diesel engine to examine the distribution of temperature and stress. A thermal barrier coating system was applied on the combustion chamber of the cylinder heads, consists of two-layer systems: a ceramic top coat (TC), made of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ), ZrO2-8%Y2O3 and also a metallic bond coat...

Contrary to theoretical estimates based on the conventional binary collision model, experimental results indicate that the number of defects in the lower layer of the bi-layer graphene sample is smaller than in the upper layer. This observation is explained by in situ self-annealing of the defects.

In this paper, three-dimensional elasto-plastic finite element analysis was performed on flexible pavements under vertical repeated traffic loads to evaluate their shakedown behavior. Six different pavements with different structural number (SN) were modeled and subjected to a wide range of cyclic vehicle loads. Shakedown limits were obtained considering both failure and serviceability restrain...

In a two-layer diffusing medium, polarized light directly backscattering off the superficial layer will partially retain its sense of polarization, whereas deeper-probing light will be increasingly depolarized by diffusion. This effect has been studied in both elastic scattering and fluorescence contexts. We apply this method to Raman scattering in two two-layer models with a highly diffusing l...

Cationic amphiphilic diblock copolymers were synthesized by RAFT polymerization and the nanostructure of their monolayers was investigated by π-A isotherm and X-ray reflectivity. Carpet layer (dense hydrophilic block layer) formation under the hydrophobic layer was confirmed and a “brush” layer was found beneath the carpet layer. However, the thickness of brush layer was much thinner than that ...

In wireless ad hoc networks, cross-layer design aims at reducing multiple access interference and thus obtaining a higher spatial reuse. In order to identify the most suitable solution for future wireless systems, we compared the aggregate throughput achieved by two types of cross-layer designs. While the first approach suppresses the interference by power control at the transmitter side, the s...

The paper describes a three-layer video coder based on spatiotemporal scalability and data partitioning. The base layer represents video sequences with reduced spatial and temporal resolution. Decoding of a middle layer gives full resolution images but with lower quality as compared to those obtained from the enhancement layer also. The bitrate overhead measured relative to the single layer MPE...

The e ect of a bu er layer on organic bulk hetrojunction solar cells of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester fullerene derivative (PCBM) has been studied using impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range between 100 Hz and 1 MHz. The bu er layer interfaces with a metallic contact and with the organic bulk materials in uence the e ciency and the stabilit...

We report experimental observations of the propagation of a vortex ring through two liquid interfaces separating immiscible liquids. The experiments examine the effect of vortex ring strength and the thickness of the middle layer on the evolution of the flow. A wide range of phenomena is observed. In particular, we show that at some conditions the vortex ring enters the top layer without bringi...