well-known seismic design codes have offered an alternative equivalent static procedure for practical purposes instead of verifying design trials with complicated step-y-step dynamic analyses. such a pattern of base-shear distribution over the building height will enforce its special stiffness and strength distribution which is not necessarily best suited for seismic design. the present study, ...

Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging has been shown to be capable of imaging local myocardial stiffness changes throughout the cardiac cycle. Expanding on these results, the authors present experiments using cardiac ARFI imaging to visualize and quantify the propagation of mechanical stiffness during ventricular systole. In vivo ARFI images of the left ventricular free wall of two ex...

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is widely used for measuring mechanical properties of cells, and to understand how cells respond to their mechanical environments. A standard method for obtaining cell stiffness from experimental force–indentation curves is based on the simplified Hertz theory developed for studying the indentation of a semi-infinite elastic body by a spherical punch, assumptions t...

In this article, we present a quantitative stiffness imaging technique and demonstrate its use to directly map the dynamic mechanical properties of materials with nanometer-scale lateral resolution. For the experiments, we use a ‘‘hybrid’’ nanoindenter, coupling depth-sensing nanoindentation with scanning probe imaging capabilities. Force modulation electronics have been added, enhancing instru...

Introduction: The elastic modulus of human rib bone derived from tensile coupon tests (13.9GPa) could be too high for applications in Finite Element (FE) modeling of the human thorax, as the homogenous elements lack the microstructure of typical rib bone. In this study MicroCT scans of ribs from three cadavers were used to determine homogenized elastic moduli of ribs that could be applied to so...