Armadillo/beta-catenin and related proteins have important functions during animal and Dictyostelium development, regulating cell differentiation, proliferation, and adhesion. Armadillo-repeat-containing proteins also exist in plants, but the majority have unknown roles. The Arabidopsis genes that show greatest sequence homology to Armadillo/beta-catenin are called ARABIDILLO-1 and -2. Here, we...

Several case reports on variations of the brachial plexus have been reported in the literature. These reports provide valuable information for understanding the clinical signs related to neuropathy of varying origins. The authors of this report present a case that involved all the terminal branches of the brachial plexus and the axillary artery in a cadaver used for routine teaching practice. F...

Branching by de novo formation of lateral roots along the primary root of Arabidopsis seedlings follows a complex longitudinal and transverse pattern. How this pattern is generated is presently under debate. The 'bending hypothesis' proposes that lateral root primordia are initiated by a local accumulation of auxin at the convex side of bends resulting from deflections through obstacles, gravit...

Introduction The median nerve is formed by the two roots of the brachial plexus the lateral root from the lateral cord and the medial root from the medial cord. The medial cord crosses the third part of the axillary artery and joins with the lateral root to form the median nerve lateral to the artery. The median nerve crosses the brachial artery in the middle of the arm from lateral to medial s...

To investigate the relationship between nodule category and plant growth characteristics in peanut, nodules were classified into three categories: large size (LSN) ( greater than 2 mm), medium (MSN) (1-2 mm) small (SSN) less 1 their position on roots (primary lateral roots). The number of LSNs primary was found to be much higher roots. MSN developed comparable, whereas, had a SSN number. In add...

Although the importance of auxin in root development is well known, the molecular mechanisms involved are still unknown. We characterized a rice (Oryza sativa) mutant defective in crown root formation, crown rootless1 (crl1). The crl1 mutant showed additional auxin-related abnormal phenotypic traits in the roots, such as decreased lateral root number, auxin insensitivity in lateral root formati...

Lateral organ position along roots and shoots largely determines plant architecture, and depends on auxin distribution patterns. Determination of the underlying patterning mechanisms has hitherto been complicated because they operate during growth and division. Here, we show by experiments and computational modeling that curvature of the Arabidopsis root influences cell sizes, which, together w...