The internal carotid artery (ICA) usually, lies posterolaterally to the external carotid artery (ECA). Sometimes a complete carotid transposition can occur, with the ECA in a lateral position and the ICA on the medial side can occur. Our study evaluated the significance and impact that this anomaly may have on cranial nerve injuries. From January 2008 to November 2010, 296 patients underwent 36...

Based on the recent literature data, analysis has been performed for causes of laryngeal nerve injuries and methods their prevention during thyroid surgery. Literature data demonstrate that over past 20 years incidence remained stable, from 0.1 to 3.0 % more. It does not tend decrease despite introduction neuromonitoring. The authors presented peculiarities monitoring recurrent nerves external ...

AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of intraoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring to predict the postoperative functional outcome and the potential role of this technique in reducing the postoperative nerve palsy rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between June 2007 and December 2011, 1693 consecutive patients who underwent thyroidectomy by a single surgical team were evalu...

Location of origin cells of efferent fibers in the rabbit superior and inferior laryngeal nerves was investigated in association with their soma size, using the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde labeling technique. The nucleus ambiguus (nA) of the rabbit displays a different cytoarchitectonic appearance in its rostral fourth and caudal three-fourths, the former of which consists of a defi...

his pictorial article has been written by an attending endocrine urgeon and illustrated by a surgical resident to provide a simlistic platform for surgical residents to approach the anatomial knowledge and technical knowledge needed for perforance of a partial or total thyroidectomy. This short article will ot replace the need for detailed study of thyroid anatomy efore performing thyroid surge...

BACKGROUND The occurrence of and risk factors for postoperative cervical hematoma remain unclear. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of 5156 patients treated at a single institution. RESULTS The occurrence of postoperative cervical hematoma was 0.85% (44 of 5156 patients). The multivariate analysis showed that male sex, benign pathology, hypertension, and previous thyroid surgery...

UNLABELLED Three individuals with total laryngectomy were studied for their ability to control a hands-free electrolarynx (EL) using neck surface electromyography (EMG) for on/off and pitch modulation. The laryngectomy surgery of participants was modified to preserve neck strap musculature for EMG-based EL control (EMG-EL), with muscles on one side maintaining natural innervation and those on t...

The retrotrapezoid/parafacial respiratory group (RTN/pFRG) located ventral to the facial nucleus plays a key role in regulating breathing, especially enhanced expiratory activity during hypercapnic conditions. To clarify the roles of the RTN/pFRG region in evoking coughing, during which reflexive enhanced expiration is produced, and in swallowing, during which the expiratory activity is consist...