Laryngeal adductor responses (LAR) close the airway in response to stimulation of peripheral afferents in the superior laryngeal nerve. Although both mucosal afferents and proprioceptive receptors are present in the larynx, their relative contribution for reflex elicitation is unknown. Our purpose was to determine which receptor types are of importance in eliciting the LAR. A servomotor with di...

The effect of hyposensitization (HS) upon the allergen evoked immediate asthmatic reaction (IAR), late asthmatic reaction (LAR) and upon bronchial reactivity towards histamine was examined. Eighteen young asthmatic patients were studied using a double-blind, placebo-controlled design. All were allergic to house dust mite (HDM) and demonstrated an IAR and a LAR after bronchial provocation with H...

The effects of quercetin and rutin on the asthmatic responses were studied in ovalbumin (OA)-sensitized conscious guinea pigs challenged with aerosolized-OA. We measured the specific airway resistance (sRaw) in the double-chambered plethysmograph during the immediate-phase response (IAR) and late-phase response (LAR) at 3 approximately 10 min and 24 hr after OA challenge, respectively. We count...

To study whether circadian variation of bronchial caliber participates in causing late asthmatic response (LAR), house-dust inhalation was made at 10 AM and 6 PM on separate days in 6 house-dust-sensitive asthmatic children aged 8 to 13 years. Bronchial obstruction was assessed through measurements of FEV1 at 4-h intervals from 24 h before to 24 h after the inhalation. The LAR, which is a 15 pe...

This Account outlines the recent efforts of developing catalysis under the ambient conditions of air and water for synthetic purposes from the author's laboratory. The discussions are focused on catalytic reactions (mostly C-C bond formations) other than oxidations via late transition metals. It includes the following aspects: (1) copper-catalyzed C-C bond formations; (2) palladium-catalyzed C-...