the fundamental elements of nature, namely earth, water, air and sunshine should be in a healthy state, well balanced with the criteria of equilibrium and untainted so that the environment would remain pleasant and lively. hence, there will be plant, animal and human in a existential balance. man himself is the major polluter and destructor of environment. the environment, in turn, is a large c...

Open-pit mining has caused extensive land destruction, including abandonment and reduction in agricultural land, resulting serious environmental problems. Ecological restoration mine reclamation have become important components of the sustainable development strategies Inner Mongolia, China. Therefore, rehabilitation mines is vital attracted widespread attention from Chinese government. In this...

Recently we presented a method for modeling a quantum system to a bath that explicitly correlates the system with the individual bath modes. We do this through representation of the bath by locally propagating Gaussians (LPG), which change in position and momentum but remain Gaussian in form. The explicit correlation of the system to the bath modes enters through the simultaneous use of a di†er...

The ambient index and temperature effects on the spectral profiles of two sets of long period gratings (LPGs) of different periods were investigated. The shorter period LPGs were found to be more sensitive than the longer period LPGs over identical ambient index ranges but less sensitive over identical temperature ranges. The coupling wavelength shifts due to temperature are also seen to be lin...

The October 2003 Cedar Fire in San Diego County was a tragedy involving 15 deaths, the burning of some 280 000 acres of land, the destruction of approximately 2227 homes, and costs of suppression near $30 million. It was the largest fire in California history. The data associated with the fire, however, do provide an opportunity to carry out probabilistic risk modeling of a wildland-urban inter...

Hurricane Andrew’s landfall in south Florida left a swath of destruction, including many failed anemometer recording systems. Extreme destruction led to exaggerated claims of the range of wind speeds that caused such damage. The authors accumulated all available data from surface platforms at heights ranging from 2 to 60 m and reconnaissance aircraft at altitudes near 3 km. Several procedures w...

Archaeological heritage in the Near East is under an ever increasing threat from multiple vectors such as looting and systematic destruction, militarization, uncontrolled urban expansion absence of governmental control among others. Physically monitoring endangered sites proves to be infeasible due dangerous ground conditions on one hand, vast area land which they are dispersed. In recent years...

A large amount of the role of the land surveyor, land registries and land information systems is concerned with building and maintaining a land administration infrastructure where one of its primary tasks is to support the operation of an efficient and effective land market. This includes cadastral surveys to identify and subdivide land, land registry systems to support simple land trading (buy...

Land Information System is a tool for legal, administrative and economic decision making as well as an aid for planning and development. The present land administration system in Pakistan is entirely based on paper land records and maps lacking standards with outdated information stored at different administrative levels. Such practice restricts the usefulness of reliable and quality land infor...