In mammals, lactation can be the most energetically expensive part of the reproductive cycle. Thus, when energy needs are compromised due to predation risk, environmental disturbance, or resource scarcity, future reproductive success can be impacted. In marine and terrestrial environments, foraging behavior is inextricably linked to predation risk. But quantification of foraging energetics for ...

nephrogenic adenoma is a rare benign lesion of bladder that may be confused with malignant lesions. there is a strong relation with urinary tract irritation and intravesicle instrumentations. nephrogenic adenoma was initially thought to originate from urothelial metaplasia; however, no solid proof is available. we present a case of 55-year-old lady with urinary problem. cystocopic examination s...

Evaluating predictive factors for high-risk adenomas at the third colonoscopy based on two prior colonoscopies may help evaluate high-risk adenoma at the third colonoscopy. We analyzed clinical data of 131 patients at Severance Hospital from January 1997 to January 2011. All of them underwent two subsequent colonoscopies after removal of adenomas during an initial colonoscopy. Among 20 patients...

PURPOSE The adenoma detection rate is commonly used as a measure of the quality of colonoscopy. This study assessed both the association between the adenoma detection rate and the quality of bowel preparation and the risk factors associated with the adenoma detection rate in screening colonoscopy. METHODS This retrospective analysis involved 1,079 individuals who underwent screening colonosco...

Pleomorphic adenoma is mixed and usually benign tumor originating salivary glands. The most common salivary gland tumor is pleomorphic adenoma. The most common localization of pleomorphic adenoma is parotid gland. Although it is found in major salivary gland, pleomorphic adenoma may be found paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity rarely. A 74-year-old female presented with a 3-month history of ri...

Benign epithelial lesions with no significant tendency to malignant transformation include: adenoma: -Ductal -lactating -Tubular adenosis: -apocrine -blunt duct -microglandular -sclerosing fibroadenoma radial scar/complex sclerosing lesions Invasive breast carcinomas are divided into two major categories on the basis of their cytoarchitectural features: Invasive ductal carcinoma: -acinic cell c...

BACKGROUND Laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) are generally defined as lesions >10 mm in diameter, are characterized by lateral expansion along the luminal wall with a low vertical axis. In contrast to other forms of tumor, LSTs are generally considered to have a superficial growth pattern and the potential for malignancy. We focused on this morphological character of LSTs, and analyzed the gene...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the association between colorectal neoplasia and sporadic duodenal adenoma. METHODS A retrospective case control study was conducted using the databases of two major teaching hospitals in Western Australia. The frequency of colorectal neoplasia in patients with sporadic duodenal adenomas was compared with that in a control group of patients ...

The impact of providing selenomethionine (2.7 mumol Se) or selenium-enriched yeast (2.9 mumol Se) on the selenium status of lactating and nonlactating women with customary intakes of approximately 1.3 mumol Se/d was studied. Plasma selenium declined in unsupplemented lactating women but not in nonlactating women. Selenomethionine increased plasma selenium in both lactating and nonlactating wome...

Energy expenditure at rest and in response to a meal and to an infusion of noradrenaline was measured in 12 lactating women and compared with that in seven bottle feeding women and seven non-pregnant, non-lactating controls. The energy response of the lactating women was remeasured after lactation stopped. During lactation the resting metabolic rate was unaltered but there was a reduced respons...