INTRODUCTION Nurses are constantly experiencing new ethical issues as a result of the global developments and changes in health care. Guidance is often needed in making ethical decisions in nursing practice. Development of nursing into a scientific discipline mandates that practice be based on theory. Thus, nursing theory is sought to provide insight to nurses in their ethical decision-making. ...

Like all information-processing systems, biological visual systems are limited by internal and external noise; but this noise never actually impinges on our conscious perception. An article recently published in the Journal of Vision suggests that, at least for orientation judgments, the visual system has access to its own noisiness and sets thresholds accordingly. This could well be a general ...

Chinese character structure has often been described as representing a kind of grammar, but the notion of character grammar has hardly been explored. Patterns in character element reduplication are particularly grammar-like, displaying discrete combinatoriality, binarity, phonology-like final prominence, and potentially the need for symbolic rules (X→XX). To test knowledge of these patterns, Ch...