A self-consistent rate equation (RE) approach to submonolayer growth on a one-dimensional surface is presented. This approach explicitly takes into account the existence of gaps between clusters and can successfully predict the coverage dependence of the average densities of monomers N1, and clusters, N . It also implies an unusual dependence for the monomer-monomer capture number 1 as a functi...

This work presents a nonlinear model predictive control scheme with novel structure of observers aiming to create methodology that allows feasible implementations in industrial anaerobic reactors. In this way, new step-by-step procedure has been proposed and tested by solving two specific drawbacks reported the literature responsible for inefficiencies those systems real environments. Firstly, ...