background and aims. dental plaque and gingivitis were controlled by administration of chemical agents such as chlorhexidine (chx) which is recognized as a gold standard of chemical agents. the aim of this study was to compare the effects of two mouthwashes (0.2% chx and kin gingival) on clinical parameters. materials and methods. a total of 88 subjects were included in this interventional‒expe...

This paper examines social network size in contemporary Western society based on the exchange of Christmas cards. Maximum network size averaged 153.5 individuals, with a mean network size of 124.9 for those individuals explicitly contacted; these values are remarkably close to the group size of 150 predicted for humans on the basis of the size of their neocortex. Age, household type, and the re...

In the present paper, the measurements of the bubble-point pressures and the liquid densities of refrigerant mixtures composed ofR-32, R-125 and/orR-143aarereportedfortemperaturesfrom 280to 320 Kin 10 Kintervals and for entire compositions. An experimental apparatus used is a magnetic densimeter coupled with a variable volume cell. Based on the measured bubble-point pressures, the optimization ...

Kinship in Practice: Spatial Distribution of Children's Kin Networks Sangeetha Madhavan, Paul Mee & Mark Collinson a University of Maryland; Medical Research Council/Agincourt Health and Population Unit, University of the Witwatersrand b Medical Research Council/Agincourt Health and Population Unit, University of the Witwatersrand; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå Univers...

FAMILIES FORM ONE of the most important domains in people’s lives. At the individual level, having good social networks, of which relatives are a major component, is highly beneficial for well-being. At the macro-level, levels of contact with kin is a key component of family systems and frequently used as an indicator of wider social variables such as degree of modernization. Kin contact can in...

Kin selection theory predicts that organisms should behave favourably toward their relatives, if the benefits of such behaviour, devaluated by relatedness, are larger than its costs. Under good environmental conditions, the costs of kin-biased behaviour are likely to be low, and kin-biased behaviour may lead to better average performance of related than non-related individuals. However, under p...

A condition is derived for reciprocal altruism to evolve by kin or group selection. It is assumed that many additively acting genes of small effect and the environment determine the probability that an individual is a reciprocal altruist, as opposed to being unconditionally selfish. The particular form of reciprocal altruism considered is TIT FOR TAT, a strategy that involves being altruistic o...

Sensory signals regulate multiple developmental and behavioral circuits in C. elegans, providing a genetically tractable system in which to investigate the mechanisms underlying the acquisition and integration of sensory information. kin-29 mutants are defective in the expression of a set of chemoreceptor genes, and exhibit characteristics associated with altered sensory signaling, including in...