objectives: the main disadvantage of fiber posts is their low bond strength to root canal wall. the aim of the present study was to assess the effect of different root canal post space treatments on push-out bond strength of fiber posts to root dentin. materials and methods: after post space preparation in 40 endodontically treated human premolars, the teeth were randomly divided into four expe...

this paper examines the impact of government expenditure on the nigerian economy for the period 1983 - 2012. the government expenditure components used as the explanatory variables in the model are: expenditures on health, education, defense, agriculture and transportation and communication. the gross domestic product (gdp) was used as a parameter for measuring economic growth. in order to esta...

International trade has been paramount to every country, especially developing economies, as it enables them access goods and services they cannot produce. The Ghanaian economy highly dependent on imports over the years. This study examined effects of foreign (export import) economic growth using data from World Bank 1990 2020. To ensure accuracy results, econometric methods including a unit ro...

This paper describes CADFtest, a R (R Development Core Team 2008) package for testing for the presence of a unit root in a time series using the Covariate Augmented Dickey-Fuller (CADF) test proposed in Hansen (1995). The procedures presented here are user friendly, allow fully automatic model specification, and allow computation of the asymptotic p-values of the test.

This study has investigated the impact of gender inequality and environmental degradation on human well-being in case Pakistan from 1980 to 2019. Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test is used for stationarity variables. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) co-integration among variables model. results show that a negative significant Pakistan, while equality encourages well-being. c...

We study statistical inference in quantile autoregression models when the largest autoregressive coefficient may be unity. The limiting distribution of a quantile autoregression estimator and its t-statistic is derived. The asymptotic distribution is not the conventional Dickey-Fuller distribution, but a linear combination of the Dickey-Fuller distribution and the standard normal, with the weig...

The evolution of current modeling specifications gives rise to the problem of generating automated test cases from a variety of application tools. Past endeavours on behavioural testing of UML statecharts have not systematically leveraged the potential of existing graph theory for testing of objects. Therefore there exists a need for a simple, tool-independent, and effective method for automati...

This paper develops a wavelet (spectral) approach to testing the presence of a unit root in a stochastic process. The wavelet approach is appealing, since it is based directly on the different behavior of the spectra of a unit root process and that of a short memory stationary process. By decomposing the variance (energy) of the underlying process into the variance of its low frequency componen...