The evolution of vocabulary in academic publishing is characterized via keyword frequencies recorded in the ISI Web of Science citations database. In four distinct case-studies, evolutionary analysis of keyword frequency change through time is compared to a model of random copying used as the null hypothesis, such that selection may be identified against it. The case studies from the physical s...

As internet users query search engines, relevant advertisements accompany the search results. Advertisers bid for limited ad spots in a generalized-secondary auction employed by search engines. This paper uses publically-available data from Google to test strategies advertisers may use when deciding where and how much to bid for a keyword phrase. A predictive model of suggested bid price may pr...