In his criticism of our paper, Dr Schachar states that precise comparisons of the isoindical maps of crystalline lenses . . . require that the lenses must be oriented so that their geometric centers and all of their geometric axes coincide , but he gives no justification for this assertion. In fact this is not the case. In order to compare the refractive index distributions for different lenses...

Accurate measurement and control of key parameters of droplets in the complex atomization or spray flow field play an instructive role in the mechanism study of multiphase flows and optimization of specific industrial process. Among numerous advanced optical measurement techniques for characterizing droplets, global rainbow refractometry is able to measure the size distribution and refractive i...

Loliginid squid dynamically tune the structural iridescence of cells in their skin for active camouflage and communication. Bragg reflectors in these cells consist of membrane-bound lamellae periodically alternating with low refractive index extracellular spaces; neuronal signalling induces condensation of the reflectin proteins that fill the lamellae, consequently triggering the expulsion of w...

The refractive index of liquid solutions at the He-Ne laser wavelength, 0.6328 microm, is presented. The measurements were carried out using the conventional minimum deviation method of an equilateral hollow glass prism. The refractive indices of sucrose, sodium chloride, glucose, and caster sugar solutions for a range of density varying from distilled water to a saturated condition were measur...

Polythiophenes are of considerable interest as synthetic metals. The optical properties of polythiophenes can be easily affected by alkyl chain or other side groups to the thiophene ring. The effect of polymerization degree on the energy gap was studied in the case of polythiophene as a conjugated polymer at B3LYP/6-31+G(3d,3p) level of theory. Up to n = 16 could be confident that this degree o...

PURPOSE Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to map the refractive index distribution in human eye lenses in vivo and to investigate changes with age and accommodation. METHODS Whole-eye MR images were obtained for sagittal and transverse axial planes in one eye each of 15 young (19-29 years) and 15 older (60-70 years) subjects when viewing a far ( approximately 6 m) target and at indivi...

The material in the resonant layer (RL) of ‘f.1’ consists of nanometer-sized iron particles in an InGaAsP host layer above the InP p-cladding a common 1.55 m multi-quantum well (MQW) laser structure as shown in Table III. InGaAsP has a refractive index of 3.4 which is higher than the refractive index of the InP pclad which is 3.16. These values satisfy the need to have the real part of the refr...

Existing algorithms can efficiently render refractive objects of constant refractive index. For a medium with a continuously varying index of refraction, most algorithms use the ray equation of geometric optics to compute piecewise-linear approximations of the non-linear rays. By assuming a constant refractive index within each tracing step, these methods often need a large number of small step...

The refractive index as well as molar refraction, is the true index of purity of substance and plays a vital role in solution chemistry. A small addition of a foreign substance either in solid state of liquid form is going to effect the refractive index.As such the variation of refractive indices in pure glucose solution as a function of concentration is studied in detail and this principle is ...