Principal-agent problems between corporate parent and subsidiary operations are frequently exacerbated in international settings by exchange rate fluctuations between the foreign subsidiary’s local currency and the multinational corporation’s (“MNC”) reference currency. This article develops a conceptual solution to resolve this international control conundrum using an Economic Value Added (“EV...

This study aims to study the effect of elimination of government intervention and liberalizationin meat market in rural area in Iran on consumer welfare with time series data for 1981-2007.An alternative partial equilibrium model was developed to examine the welfare effect of meattrade liberalization. Result show that on producer side, government budget (subsidy onproduction), foreign exchange ...

The main objective of this study is to examine the existence and nature relationship between exchange rate foreign reserves. To avoid influencing market expectations, intervention program should indicate in advance nature, frequency, size central bank's transactions. Thus, sense, it essential determine interventions made from for official reserve. Following realization study, was highlighted co...

This paper reports on the design, development and evaluation of a bilingual telephone-based spoken language system for foreign exchange inquiries the CU FOREX system. The telephonebased system supports Cantonese and English in a single spoken language interface to access real-time foreign exchange information. The specific domain covers information on the exchange rates between foreign currenci...

Recently, a dramatic accumulation of foreign exchange reserves has been widely observed among developing countries. The purpose of this paper is to explore what macroeconomic impacts accumulated foreign reserves have in developing countries. In the first part, we analyze a simple open economy model where increased foreign reserves reduce costs of liquidity risk. Given the amount of foreign rese...

We compare the predication performance of neural networks with the different frequencies of input data, namely daily data, weekly data, monthly data. In the 1 day and 1 week ahead prediction of foreign exchange rates forecasting, the neural networks with the weekly input data performs better than the random walk models. In the 1 month ahead prediction of foreign exchange rates forecasting, only...

the economy's dependence on oil revenues and derivatives of these products make the country's economy heavily influenced by the volatility and instability of the pricing of these products. therefore, it seems necessary to develop non-oil exports. this paper examines the causality relation and the effect of foreign direct investment, economic openness and real exchange rate on non-oil ...

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the asymmetric effects of exchangerate on Iranian import price index using quarterly time series data over the period 1990- 2011. For this purpose, positive and negative shocks of the exchange rate have been separated from each other using dummy variables and the effects of the size of the exchange rate shocks by determining a threshold.The emp...

Are frequent changes in freely floating exchange rates attributable to stabilising speculation reflecting changes in the fundamental determinants of currencies; or to destabilising behaviour of various kinds, driving prices away from fundamentals, and creating "excess" volatility? This paper, motivated by the need to assess appropriate tests for efficiency for the growing range of liberalised a...

Foreign exchange risk is one of the most important components financial market. Like any other risk, it can be managed or avoided. Financial management requires relevant knowledge and resources only specialized institutions are engaged in doing so. Thee commercial banks do not accept foreign risks, their assets liabilities denominated same currency. Therefore, recommended for households busines...