introduction: high percentage of orchard products, such as apples, is wasted due to mechanical damages that cause fruit quality loss. damages due to static or dynamic pressure or impact are among very common mechanical damages that begin to bruise fruits. post-harvest bruise damage is a major cause for the loss in fruit quality. bruising means damaging fruit tissue and consequently physical cha...

Apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a pest of major concern to apple, Malus x domestica (Borkh.) production in eastern North America. Host plant resistance to apple maggot among apple germplasm has been previously evaluated among a small number of exotic Malus accessions and domestic hybrid selections. However, a large number of exotic accessions housed in USDA...

Premetamorphic northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) and green frogs (Rana clamitans) were evaluated at seven wetland sites, four of which were within apple orchards, to determine if environmental conditions associated with orchard management in southern Ontario, Canada, affected frog early development. Synchronous with breeding events (May–July), embryos and tadpoles were exposed, in situ and ...

Apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) is a major pest causing considerable economic losses of fruits in North America. During the development of international trade, apple maggot fly has become a threat to Chinese agriculture. In this study, CLIMEX and ArcGIS were used to predict the potential geographical distribution of apple maggot fly in China. The parameters used in CLIMEX for app...

Apple is a fruit crop cultivated worldwide. Apple orchards are exposed to a diverse set of environmental and biological factors that affect the productivity and sustainability of the culture. Many of the efforts and costs for apple production rely on reducing the incidence of fungal diseases, and one of the main diseases is apple scab caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis. The economic impac...

The most crucial problem of apple harvesting robot is to get the exact location and the maturity degree of the target. A system of apple maturity discrimination and positioning based on the multi-spectral technology and laser triangulation ranging principle is researched. Signal transmission, signal reception, signal processing, the CPU processing and several PC components are involved in the s...