abstractbackground: macrosomia is a term applied to newborns with a birth weight of 4000 gr or above. perinatal mortality and morbidity is increased in fetal macrosomia. clavicular fracture, injury to brachial plexus, and hypoglycemia are important side effects. mother’s age, body mass index of mother, weight gain in pregnancy, mother’s height, diabetes, history of macrocosmic delivery, gestati...

introduction: according to the ethology theory mother infant separation immediately after birth can interfere with the infants innate behaviors for the initiation of breastfeeding. the aim of this study was to the effect of an interventional program based on the theory of ethology on infant breast feeding competence materials and methods: 114 primiparous, iranian, healthy, full term mothers bet...

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abstract. natural populations of carpinus orientalis mill. shrub lands occur mainly in high and middle altitudes of the hyrcanian forests, n. iran, particularly on steep rocks and forest outcrops. there are some discrepancies on the intra-specific delimitation of this important woody species. the aim of the current study was to examine the anatomical variation of stems and leaves of sixteen pop...

objective:diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder that is one of the important factors in the etiology of injuries oxidant know the purpose the aim of the present study, was the effect of swimming training with arbutin on total oxidant status (tos) and total antioxidant status(tas) the kidney tissue of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.methods: for this purpose, 42 male wistar rats with an...

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