We explore the possibilty of detecting horizontal electromagnetic showers of tau neutrinos from individual gamma ray bursts, in large scale detectors like HiRes and Telescope Array. We study the role of the parameters of a gamma ray burst in determining the expected number of tau events from that burst. The horizontal beam of tau leptons produce visible signals in the atmosphere. We find that t...

In a party-based election voters are grouped into parties and the voters belonging to the same party are assumed to cast their votes according to the fixed party preference over the set of candidates. For such elections, we investigate the complexity of the following problem: can we make some distinguished candidate win (or lose) the election by bribing at most k voters to switch from their ori...

Patent law is intended to promote the creativity of scientists and engineers. The system recognizes that the work of the individual is the engine that ultimately increases the state of scientific knowledge. As economist Paul Romer recognized, “Technological advance comes from things that people do.” Furthering creativity represents the constitutional, theoretical and doctrinal heart of patent l...

Nonparametric correlation estimators as the Kendall and Spearman correlation are widely used in the applied sciences. They are often said to be robust, in the sense of being resistant to outlying observations. In this paper we formally study their robustness by means of their influence functions and gross-error sensitivities. Since robustness of an estimator often comes at the price of an incre...

We study the rate-distortion relationship in the set of permutations endowed with the Kendall τ-metric and the Chebyshev metric. Our study is motivated by the application of permutation rate-distortion to the average-case and worst-case analysis of algorithms for ranking with incomplete information and approximate sorting algorithms. For the Kendall τ-metric we provide bounds for small, medium,...

the discharge data used for hydrological modeling should be the long-term suitable random data without trend and jump which is followed a specific statistical distribution. in this study, the above mentioned conditions were evaluated for 31 years period (1974-2004) of annual mean discharge data of 10 gauging stations of west azarbaijan province. for this purpose, the non-parametric spearman cor...

Rain-fed food crop production is very sensitive to climate variability. The majority of Ethiopian population reliant on rain-fed seasonal agriculture, which the backbone country’s economy. objective study was investigate impact rainfall and temperature changes maize sorghum yields. data were analyzed using Mann–Kendall trend test, Sen’s slope, correlation, regression models. study’s findings de...