Background/Aims: The Mineral and Bone Disorder Outcomes Study for Japanese CKD Stage 5D Patients (MBD-5D) is a multicenter, prospective observational study of hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in Japan, where the national guideline recommends targets for serum calcium (8.4–10.0 mg/dl), phosphorus (3.5–6.0 mg/ dl), and intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) (60–180 pg/ml)...

BACKGROUND The widely recognized clinical and epidemiological relevance of the socioeconomic determinants of health-disease conditions is expected to be specifically critical in terms of chronic diseases in fragile populations in low-income countries. However, in the literature, there is a substantial gap between the attention directed towards the medical components of these problems and the ac...

many national and regional renal registries are engaged in similar initiatives. The UK Renal Registry has been quite successful in this regard. Their annual report continues to show statistically significant differences in the achievement of treatment goals between centres that are not readily explained through case-mix and other factors [6] . Many other renal registries, however, experience co...

Twenty million Americans have chronic kidney disease (CKD); another 20 million are considered at risk. CKD is defined as either kidney damage or GFR<60mL/ min/1.73m2 for 3 months; kidney damage is defined as pathologic abnormalities or markers of damage, including abnormalities in blood or urine tests or imaging results. One in 9 Americans has CKD, and this population is growing as the prevalen...

Heart disease constitutes the leading cause of death in the United States. Age is an important, albeit nonmodifiable, risk factor for cardiovascular disease in the general population, as well as in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The prevalence of chronic ischemic heart disease in men and women 65 yr of age in the United States in 1995 was 83 per 1000 men and 90 per 1000 women. Amon...

The current endovascular standard of care for the treatment conduit stenosis in dialysis access is conventional balloon angioplasty (CBA),1Lok C.E. Huber T.S. Lee T. Shenoy S. Yevzlin A.S. Abreo K. et al.KDOQI Vascular Access Guideline Work Group. KDOQI clinical practice guideline vascular access: 2019 update.Am J Kidney Dis. 2020; 75: S1-S164Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (297) Google Sc...

S ince March 24, 2010, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has been requiring a “Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy” (REMS) for all patients who are treated with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) (1). Although regulatory authorities elsewhere in the world have not as yet taken this approach, experience suggests that these agencies often take their cues from the FDA. Most nephrolo...

In recent weeks I had the pleasure of participating in three meetings devoted to the general topic of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The first, a satellite symposium of the World Congress of Nephrology, was titled “The Cardiovascular System in Chronic Kidney Disease” and was held in Buzios, Brazil; the second, the inaugural “Asian Forum on CKD,” was organized by the Japanese Society of Nephrolog...

Over the last decade, the nephrology community has come to recognize the importance of chronic kidney disease (CKD) as an important modifier of outcomes and of cardiovascular risk. We have attempted to categorize and quantify the risks of dying, having a cardiovascular event and going on to dialysis, and we have published extensively in both nephrology and non-nephrology journals about the impo...

The annual risk for mortality is extremely high for patients who have ESRD and are treated with dialysis in the United States,1 and cardiovascular disease persists as their most common cause of death.2 Hypertension affects the majority of hemodialysis patients, and most have what would be considered uncontrolled hypertension.3 However, appropriate BP targets for these patients remain uncertain ...