Experiments were conducted to clarify the relationship between dietary protein level and plasma homocysteine concentration in rats. Male Wistar rats were fed diets differing in casein level from 5 to 50% for 14 d (Expt. 1). Plasma total homocysteine concentration was positively correlated with dietary casein level in the range of 5 to 10% but inversely correlated with dietary casein level in th...

We tested the hypothesis that extensive undiscovered genetic diversity exists in important functional genes from domestic and wild cattle species (Bos spp.). We resequenced 483 bp of a key exon (exon IV) from the kappa (kappa)-casein gene (CSN3) for a panel of samples of domestic cattle from 8 countries and a close relative species, the gayal (Bos frontalis). Six single nucleotide polymorphisms...

Mammalian milk is a complex fluid mixture of various proteins, minerals, and lipids, which play an important role in providing nutrition and immunity to the newborn. Casein proteins, which form about 80% of the bovine milk proteins, form large colloidal particles with calcium phosphate to form casein micelles, which for many years have been an important subject of interest. Casein micelles are ...

An improved method for site-specific characterization of protein glycosylation has been devised using nonspecific digestion with immobilized pronase combined with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS). This procedure was demonstrated using ribonuclease B (RNase B) and kappa-casein (kappa-csn) as representative N-linked and O-linked glycoproteins, respectively. I...

In this study, protein and salt distributions in the milk of 48 Holstein-Friesian cows were studied. Gross composition samples variation between individual was line with expectation. However, mineralisation casein fraction, expressed mmol protein-associated calcium per 10 g casein, differed >2-fold samples. Reasons for are unknown could not be correlated to and/or genetic variants caseins. Furt...

Protein aggregation and precipitation is associated with many debilitating diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and light-chain amyloidosis. β-Casein, a member of the casein family, has been demonstrated to exhibit chaperone-like activity to protect protein form aggregation. Hofmeister salts (lyotropice series) are a class of ions which have an effect on the solubility and also the stab...

Background: Genetic polymorphism of milk proteins has been associated with composition, manufacture, and traits of milk. Caseins are the most important milk proteins whose genes are strongly linked and inherited as a raceme. κ-casein which is a quantitatively minor constituent of bovine milk is thought to play a critical role in organization, fixation and aggregation of casein micelles and firm...

Protein aggregation is phenomenon wherein protein loses its native structure and aggregates due to the adaption of non-native conformation. Amyloid aggregation formed by the accumulation of various proteins causes many diseases in humans and other organisms. Antioxidants can prevent proteins aggregation. Pulicaria undulata  extract along with phenolic compounds can increase protein stability an...

The functionality of caseins in food systems depends on their solubility. The solubilities of whole casein, cr,l-casein, /3-casein, and dephosphorylated whole casein were measured as the pH was adjusted from 7 to 2 with HCl. When NaCl was added before pH adjustment, solubilities of whole casein at pH 2.5 decreased by 25, 40, 85, and 98% at NaCl concentrations of .01, .05, .1 and .2 M, respectiv...