Differentiating C3 and C4 grass pollen in the paleorecord is difficult because of their morphological similarity. Using a spooling wire microcombustion device interfaced with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer, Single Pollen Isotope Ratio AnaLysis (SPIRAL) enables classification of grass pollen as C3 or C4 based upon d C values. To address several limitations of this novel technique, we expande...

BACKGROUND Grass pollens are significant elicitors of IgE-mediated allergic disease in the world and timothy (Phleum pratense) is one of the most important pollens of the family. Molecular and biochemical characterization of Phleum pratense has revealed several allergen components: rPhl p 1 and rPhl p 5 have been shown to be "Species Specific Allergens", while the profilin rPhl p 12 and the cal...

BACKGROUND Grass pollen, in particular from Lolium multiflorum is a major allergen source in temperate climate zones of Southern Brazil. The IgE sensitization profile of Brazilian grass pollen allergic patients to individual allergen molecules has not been analyzed yet. OBJECTIVE To analyze the IgE sensitization profile of a Brazilian grass pollen allergic population using individual allergen...

The grass trimming machine is a widely used agricultural machine for cutting grass by the roadside and in other areas in Malaysia. Hand-arm vibration (HAV) syndrome is very common among workers operating power tools and performing similar work for extended periods. Grass trimming involves the use of a motorized cutter spinning at high speed, resulting in high levels of HAV among its operators. ...

Since grass will likely be a dominant feedstock for on-farm anaerobic digestion in Northwest Europe, changes in the chemical composition of five common grass species with advancing harvest date in the primary growth were investigated and related to specific CH(4) yields. The increase in fibre components with advancing harvest date had a negative impact on the specific CH(4) yield (253 and 225 N...

In this study, organically raised pigs received an increasing proportion of grass silage up to 10 and 20% dry matter in the daily ration in the grower and finisher period, respectively, to determine the effects of grass silage on feed intake and growth performance. The pigs receiving a mixture of grass silage and compound feed ingested 0.3 kg DM/d (13% of their daily ration) as grass silage and...

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1/M-CSF) is a key factor for the differentiation, growth and survival of monocytes/macrophages and osteoclasts. The functions of M-CSF have been well characterized in mammals. In this study, we have cloned and sequenced the cDNA of M-CSF2 in grass carp. The grass carp M-CSF2 cDNA was 1487 bp in length, containing an open reading frame of 855 bp that enc...

multi gene family), showed significant sequence and structural similarity to Cyn d 1. This protein was expressed in E. coli and the recombinant protein did not react with serum IgE from grass pollen allergic patients, suggesting that EXPB1 represented a non-allergenic homologue of grass group 1 allergens. It is proposed that differences in the amino acid sequence are responsible for the differe...

multi gene family), showed significant sequence and structural similarity to Cyn d 1. This protein was expressed in E. coli and the recombinant protein did not react with serum IgE from grass pollen allergic patients, suggesting that EXPB1 represented a non-allergenic homologue of grass group 1 allergens. It is proposed that differences in the amino acid sequence are responsible for the differe...

Playground injuries are a major public health problem. Laboratory studies have recommended sand, pearock, synthetic materials, or wood chips as protective surfaces beneath equipment, and epidemiological studies have confirmed that hard surfaces are dangerous. However, some questions remain about grass. To compare the protection oVered by grass and sand, public and residential playgrounds need t...