We develop and analyze a model for the swarming behaviour observed in army ants. The model assumes that the ants coordinate their movements by using chemical pheromones as trail markers. The markers continuously evaporate, and are reinforced by new markers laid down by the ants as they move. The motion of the swarm is modelled by a system of partial differential equations (PDEs). The equations ...

Exoplanets with lower equilibrium temperatures than Earth and primordial hydrogen atmospheres that evaporate after formation should pass through transient periods where oceans can form on their surfaces, as liquid water can form below a few thousand bar pressure and H2–H2 collision-induced absorption provides significant greenhouse warming. The duration of the transient period depends on the pl...

Since the last years, Focused Ion Beam (FIB) has been growing in popularity as a microand nanofabrication tool, especially because it has shown exceptional capabilities and very high precision in both milling and depositing materials at the nanometer scale. Being a sputtering (physical) process, milling by FIB can be realized over a wide variety of materials. On the contrary, deposition involve...

By a direct-liquid-evaporation chemical vapor deposition (DLE-CVD) method, we deposited smooth lowresistance cobalt (Co) and cobalt nitride (CoxN) thin films with excellent conformality at low temperatures down to 200 1C. In the DLE process, a cobalt amidinate precursor solution, bis(N,N0-diisopropylacetamidinato)cobalt(II) dissolved in tetradecane, was vaporized as it flowed smoothly, without ...

In this paper we propose SemAnt, a novel ant-based algorithm designed for query routing in taxonomy-based peer-to-peer environments. We introduce the reader to the pheronome trail-laying-andfollowing behaviour observed from natural ants and show how it can be applied to query routing in peer-to-peer networks. Our proposed algorithm accounts for network parameters such as bandwidth and latency a...

We study the influence of particle shape on growth processes at the edges of evaporating drops. Aqueous suspensions of colloidal particles evaporate on glass slides, and convective flows during evaporation carry particles from drop center to drop edge, where they accumulate. The resulting particle deposits grow inhomogeneously from the edge in two dimensions, and the deposition front, or growth...

Dry eye disease (DED) is a very prevalent eye disorder, affecting 40 million people in the United States alone. The primary cause of DED is meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) [1], which by itself is a disease entity. The meibomian gland is a large sebaceous gland located in the tarsal plate of the eye lids. It functions to synthesize and secrete lipids onto the ocular surface. These lipids make ...

We discuss the merger process of binary black holes with Hawking radiation taken into account. Besides redshifted to infinity, can exchange between themselves, which is first and then blueshifted when it propagates from one hole other. The rate should be large temperature-divergent horizons are penetrating each other form a single horizon unique temperature. This will cause non-negligible mass ...

Particulate dark matter (DM), completely isolated from the Standard Model particle sector, can be produced in early Universe primordial black hole (PBH) evaporation. However, big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) observations put an upper bound on initial mass of PBH requiring to evaporate before advent BBN. DM particles range $\ensuremath{\sim}(1--{10}^{9})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ cannot explain...

evaporation of micro-liter drops from solid surfaces at room condition is mainly governed by diffusion. therefore, there should be no difference between evaporation rate of sessile and pendant drops. however, some studies indicate a difference and explain the difference using buoyancy. the objective here is to reconcile the inconsistency in the literature. for that, first, by comparing two iden...