indicated the concentrations were equivalent. Table 1 shows that the amine salt is an acceptable material for use in alkaline phosphatase determinations. Use of AMPD-TMP has several advantages. Preparation from the magnesium salt is considerably easier and faster than the preparation of the sodium salt (5). Including the time for the preparation, AMPD-TMP costs about %oth as much as commerciall...

Doing business in the virtual environment, trust is considered as an essential condition for the willingness of consumers to make a transaction with Internet seller. Many earlier empirical studies explored that website characteristic (web design, web quality, e-vendor reputation and etc.) is also considered as a significant factor affecting consumers’ trust and their decision to make a purchasi...

This paper examines how World Wide Web (WWW) usage for procurement purposes affects corporate buyers’ search costs and buying organizations’ coordination costs and how it ultimately affects the efficient boundaries of buying organizations. The analysis is based on a model that integrates Transaction Costs Economics (TCE) (Williamson 1975, 1985) and forces of electronic interconnections (Malone ...

OBJECTIVE Compulsive buying (uncontrolled urges to buy, with resulting significant adverse consequences) has been estimated to affect from 1.8% to 16% of the adult U.S. population. To the authors' knowledge, no study has used a large general population sample to estimate its prevalence. METHOD The authors conducted a random sample, national household telephone survey in the spring and summer ...

We examine the consequences of vote buying, as if this practice were allowed and free of stigma. Two parties competing in a binary election may purchase votes via up front binding payments and/or payments (platforms) that are contingent upon the outcome of the election. If voters care only about outcomes and not directly about how they vote, then the party with the largest budget wins at a negl...

impulse buying behavior is one of main concepts in marketing. it is affected on various factors such as cultural factors, psychological factors, personal factors and positional factors. buying can be done because of different reasons (including of needing a production) and this fact aids marketers to better understand consumers’ behavior. impulse buying is one of pervasive aspect of consumer be...

In this paper, we analyse the concept of vote buying based on examples that try to stretch the meaning of the concept. Which examples can still be called vote buying, and which cannot? We propose several dimensions that are relevant to qualifying an action as vote buying or not. As a means of protection against vote buying and coercion, the concept of receipt-freeness has been proposed. We argu...

In this paper, reinforcement learning is used in order to model the reputation of buying and selling agents. Two important factors, quality and price, are considered in the proposed model. Each selling agent learns to evaluate the reputation of buying agents, based on their pro ts for that seller and uses this reputation to dedicate a discount for reputable buying agents. Also, selling agents l...