The Covid-19 narrative spotlights the necessity to conserve biological diversity (biodiversity) including ecosystems and wildlife. Biodiversity problems are global, associated governance issues range beyond geographical spatial boundaries. globalisation internationalisation of biodiversity concerns have resulted in emergence legal frameworks designed sustainably use our planet’s resources. As a...

A Primer on the Civil-Law System councils of state. In Germany and countries that follow its model, special administrative courts have been created. In theory, ordinary court and administrative court jurisdiction is separate and exclusive, but disputes arise. In France, a special Tribunal of Conflicts decides which is the proper court for a disputed case. In Germany, the court in which the case...

Lawsuits against the government form a part of the regular functioning of legal systems in democratic countries, and responding to such lawsuits constitutes an unavoidable part of governance. However, in the context of authoritarian regimes, administrative litigation has been viewed as a distinctively valuable institution for promoting the rule of law and individual rights. Moreover, the judici...

Abstract Intellectual property (‘IP’) is one of the key instruments for fostering innovation and promoting growth national economies. Given both economic significance legal complexities associated with IP rights due to constant technological development, benefits having a specialised judiciary are being increasingly recognised across globe. Many countries have either established or been conside...

A sovereign state is comprised of threeimportant organs that are Legislature, Executive and Judiciary. These have their respective routs way actions the concept separation power also in field to run business a smoothly. Now daya term used speciallyin Pakistan “Judicial Activism” frequently after restoration judiciary. Judicial activism means judicial review matters involving fundamental rights ...