an algebraic construction for constant dimension subspace codes is called orbit code. it arises as the orbits under the action of a subgroup of the general linear group on subspaces in an ambient space. in particular orbit codes of a singer subgroup of the general linear group has investigated recently. in this paper, we consider the normalizer of a singer subgroup of the general linear group a...

The name «School of Salamanca» is refered to a group theologians and Natural Law philosophers who taught in the University Salamanca, following inspiration great tomist Francisco de Vitoria. They developed some original theories on Political Thought, like pactum translationis (or delegated power kings from civil society) right resistance tyranny. Theories that will revive at times French invasi...

This paper considers two methods for pricing assets and examines the relations between them. The +rst method is based on the principle of no-arbitrage, which asserts that introduction of the new asset should not create an arbitrage in a market that was before arbitrage free. This condition is satis+ed by prices for the new asset between speci+c lower and upper limits, determined as the values o...

We develop a model to study the implications of a legal environment on the organization of software production. We show that contract enforcement a®ects the organizational mode (i.e., in-house versus outsourcing) of customized software development while copyright protection determines the introduction of package software. When copyright protection is weak, only customized software will be devel...

Standard economic analysis holds that labor market rigidities are harmful for job creation and typically increase unemployment. But many orthodox reforms of the labor market have proved di±cult to implement because of political opposition. For these reasons it is important to explain why we observe such regulations. In this paper I outline a theory of how they may arise and why they ̄t together...

Context. Observations with the Hinode spectro-polarimeter have revealed strong horizontal internetwork magnetic fields in the quiet solar photosphere. Aims. We aim at interpreting the observations by means of results from numerical simulations. Methods. Radiative MHD simulations of dynamo action by near-surface convection are analyzed with respect to the relation between vertical and horizontal...

This paper seeks to evaluate whether the adoption of electronic medical records (EMRs) leads to upcoding for hospitalized Medicare patients, defined as categorizing a condition as more serious than justified in order to inflate bills, or more accurate coding. We use a triple difference: (1) between EMR and non-EMR hospitals; (2) before and after the 2007 Medicare payment reform, which made obta...

We consider counterparty risk for Credit Default Swaps (CDS) in presence of correlation between default of the counterparty and default of the CDS reference credit. Our approach is innovative in that, besides default correlation, which was taken into account in earlier approaches, we also model credit spread volatility. Stochastic intensity models are adopted for the default events, and default...

The consumer response to changing gasoline prices has long interested economists and policymakers, for it has important implications for the effects of gasoline taxation and vehicle energy efficiency policies. This study examines both the elasticity of driving with respect to changing gasoline prices and heterogeneity in this elasticity by geography, the fuel economy of the vehicle, and the age...