background: in nuclear medicine application often it is required to use computational methods for evaluation of organ absorbed dose. monte carlo simulation and phantoms have been used in many works before. the shape, size and volume in organs are varied, and this variation will produce error in dose calculation if no correction is applied. materials and methods: a computational framework for co...

Freehand three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound is a technique for acquiring ultrasonic data of a 3D volume with application in radiotherapy and surgery planning. As the clinician sweeps the ultrasound probe over the anatomy, the trajectory of the probe is recorded using an attached position sensor. However, the position sensor tracks the position of the sensor, rather than the ultrasound B-scan. It...

This paper reports the status of a new cardiovascular fluoroscopy benchmarking phantom. A joint working group of the Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) and the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) developed the phantom. The device has been adopted as NEMA standard XR 21-2000, 'Characteristics of and Test Procedures for a Phantom to Benchmark Cardiac Fluoros...

Introduction: The routine use of a calibration phantom that fits easily into a breast coil could provide the basis for standardization and patient-specific calibration of breast MRI. Here, we use a phantom to correct the variable flip angles in a T1 measurement. This increases the accuracy of T1 and contrast media concentration measurements obtained with a clinically employed T1-weighted dynami...

The aim of this study was to develop a phantom and analysis software that could be used to quickly and accurately determine the location of radiation isocenter to an accuracy of less than 1 mm using the EPID (Electronic Portal Imaging Device). The proposed solution uses a collimator setting of 10 × 10 cm2 to acquire EPID images of a new phantom constructed from LEGO blocks. Images from a number...

(iConstable, 1964, 21s.) In this book we walk through phantom towns, phantom offices, we are taken t0 phantom hospitals, we meet phantom people?the author never names a place, ?r tells us what her work was-?her parents, her friends, her psychiatrists, nurses aflo fellow patients have no faces. As though the world she moved in had hardly touch^0 her. How can you live like this and not die of lon...

The Monte Carlo simulations using the mathematical phantom of a human body model is useful as a method of getting to know the details of the radiation exposure in a human body. However, it is very difficult to evaluate experimentally the validity of the calculation result of the simulation using the human body model. Then, the mathematical phantom of voxel-type (voxel phantom) for the Monte Car...

Following left brachial plexus avulsion, a 20-year-old man had phantom limb pain and remapping of sensation from his paralyzed hand onto his face. Mirror therapy (15 min daily, 5 days/week) led immediately to good movement of the phantom limb with decreased pain. Within 2 weeks following nerve graft surgery, remapping of hand sensation onto the face disappeared along with resolution of phantom ...

The magnetically frustrated manganese nitride antiperovskite family displays significant changes of entropy under hydrostatic pressure that can be useful for the emerging field barocaloric cooling. Here we show properties metallic Mn nitrides tailored room-temperature application through quaternary alloying. We find an enhanced change $|\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{S}_{\mathrm{t}}|=37\phantom{\...