the aim of this study is to assess cost-effectiveness of infliximab, compared with conventional treatments in patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (uc) in iran. we developed an analytical decision model with a 5-year-time horizon to follow up 1000 hypothetical patients, in order to estimate treatment costs and outcomes. hypothetical patients, were individuals with moderate to sev...

this study examines the empirical validity of claims that value stocks (stocks with high ratios of book value to price) have higher average returns than growth stocks (stocks with low book-to-market ratios). the analyses are performed using data pertaining to 70 firms for the period 1381-1389 and used the panel data methodology. this paper contains significant and consistent results. the result...

Abstract Since the Islamic Revolution of 1987, Iran has been affected by economic sanctions imposed by Western countries, especially the U.S. Since 2006 and with the development of the Iranian nuclear conflict, the United Nations has frequently imposed economic and financial sanctions against Iran. As a result of these international restrictions and their administration by an international or...

this study was carried out to investigate the effect of selection on the reduction of fat-tail size in lori-bakhtiari lambs. the study lasted for five years at the development and breeding center of lori-bakhtiari sheep station. estimation of fat-tail weight, using external fat-tail dimensions was obtained from regression procedure at 6 month age. soft tissue depth at the point 12 cm from the m...

this paper develops positive mathematical programming (pmp) model to determine the optimum cropping pattern and water demand function in six regions of lower part lands of shirindarre dam in north khorasan province of iran and then estimates the expected pay for water in each region. the quantity of water supplied from such different water resources as dams, wells, and rivers in different scena...

Organic farming is a more environmentally friendly form of land use than conventional agriculture. However, recent studies point out production tradeoffs that often prevent the adoption of such practices by farmers. Our study shows with the example of organic banana production in Ecuador that economic tradeoffs depend much on the approach of the analysis. We test, if organic banana should be in...

The Clean Air Act Amendments of 19901 ("Amendments") transform the federal statute which regulates air pollution into a behe-moth of over 700 pages in length. The Amendments add substantial new requirements to the Clean Air Act of 1970,2 as previously amended in 1977. 3 Even a cursory review of the Amendments demonstrates that their requirements will affect the cost and availability of many con...

BACKGROUND Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for 6 months is the recommended form of infant feeding. Support of mothers through individual peer counselling has been proved to be effective in increasing exclusive breastfeeding prevalence. We present a costing study of an individual peer support intervention in Uganda, whose objective was to raise exclusive breastfeeding rates at 3 months of age. M...

In this paper we present a first attempt to provide an economic value to mobile users’ private information. We claim that when users grant access to an application’s required permissions, they disclose private information and data to third parties and let them possibly make revenues out of it. To put a monetary value to such information, we use the price of non-free applications. We use a linea...

The present paper attempts to bring further evidence on the behavioral gap for organic food in Britain. The stated preferences are analyzed with the contingent valuation method while the revealed preferences are estimated with the hedonic pricing method. We find a small but significant gap in the premium for organic food between stated and revealed preferences. This gap may suggest a need for p...