We study effects of additive spatiotemporal random variations, introduced to the payoffs of a spatial hawk–dove game, on the evolution of the reconciliatory and the aggressive strategy. We show that uncertainties facilitate aggressive behavior for a broad range of resource values. In particular, aggressors thrive best if stochastic influences are of the order of magnitude of deterministic payof...

Parathyroid adenomas, or hyperplasia may be present in patients with hypercalcemia. Treatment Is by surgical excision, but about 10% of the lesions may be In ectopic locations. Pre-operative localization of the lesions with non-lvasive imaging, using radionuclides, ultrasound, CT, or MR], may simplify surgery, and reduce patient morbidity. However, the reports of the accuracy of the curre...

in the past 40 years there has been drastic increase in the prevalence of obesity worldwide (1). This rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity is not a matter of physiologic or metabolic alteration within people. Thousands of scientific papers are published each year indicating that pharmaceutical companies are working to find possible money making antiobesity agents. Increasing in the preva...

Précis: This debate article highlights some questions from critics of qualitative research. Planning for proper design, philosophical background, researcher as a research instrument in the study, trustworthiness and application of findings are main debates in this field. One of the issues that have been received little attention is report of qualitative inquiry. A qualified report can an...

Background: The utilization of pesticides like AlP has expanded in the current years and enhanced the amount and nature of horticultural items in various developing nations. Considering that in addiction research centers, many cases of suicide with rice tablet have been observed and various methods have been proposed for the treatment, it was decided to examine different methods and to finally ...