This paper investigates the automatic control of low-flow inhalational anaesthesia using a mixture of isoflurane and nitruous oxide gases. An adaptive constrained multivariable GPC method is used to compute the isoflurane infusion rate and the nitrous oxide concentration in the fresh gas based on measurements of the endtidal isoflurane concentration and mean arterial prex`ssure (MAP). In the se...

Taking into account that there are controversial antioxidative effects of inhalational anesthetics isoflurane and sevoflurane and absence of comparison of genotoxicity of both anesthetics in animal model, the aim of this study was to compare DNA damage and antioxidant status in Wistar rats exposed to a single time to isoflurane or sevoflurane. The alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis assay ...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the use of the Narcotrend electroencephalogram (EEG) monitor for the assessment of anesthetic depth in horses undergoing xylazine balanced isoflurane anesthesia. STUDY DESIGN Blinded experimental study. ANIMALS Seven healthy warm-blooded horses, aged 10.6 ± 5.9 years, weighing 535 ± 55 kg. METHODS Horses were anesthetized for a terminal surgical trial with xylazin...

We have studied the effects of nitrous oxide on EEG burst suppression patterns during stable isoflurane anaesthesia in 13 ASA I patients. After induction of anaesthesia with propofol, the concentration of isoflurane was increased with continuous EEG monitoring to burst suppression level (mean end-tidal concentration of isoflurane, 1.7 (SD 0.2)%), and kept constant during the study. During surge...

The auditory evoked potential (AEP) is correlated to anaesthetic depth. The AEP has been used in rats, pigs, dogs and humans to assess anaesthetic depth. This study was undertaken to determine whether the AAI Index derived from the AEP correlated with changes in end tidal isoflurane concentration in dogs. The average AAI Index was 21.8 +/- 10.5 and isoflurane concentration was 1.7 +/- 0.4%. Dat...

Demand is increasing for safer inhalational anesthetics for use in pediatric anesthesia. In this regard, researchers have debated whether isoflurane is more toxic to the developing brain than desflurane. In the present study, we compared the effects of postnatal exposure to isoflurane with those of desflurane on long-term cognitive performance and investigated the role of the Akt/GSK3β signalin...

Background: The neurotoxic effects of general anesthetics may adversely affect the developing brain of young animals. Given that levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase in injured mitochondria, the induction of neurotoxicity is likely mediated by oxidative stress. To evaluate this possibility, we conducted metabolomic analyses to identify the metabolites involved in anesthetic-induced ...

Isoflurane has a pharmacological preconditioning effect against ischemia in the heart and brain, but whether this also occurs in the kidney is unclear. In this study, we investigated pharmacological preconditioning by isoflurane in the rat kidney. In the isoflurane preconditioning group (1.5% isoflurane for 20 min before renal ischemia) serum creatinine (1.2 +/- 0.7 and 1.1 +/- 0.2 mg/dL) and b...

Several lines of evidence demonstrate that isoflurane anesthesia would be a great risk factor for the patients undergoing surgeries to suffer from postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Additionally, diabetes is also an important pathogenic factor for the emergence of cognitive dysfunction. If patient is suffering from diabetes, the incidence of cognitive dysfunction greatly increased. We ...

BACKGROUND Volatile anesthetics stimulate but hyperglycemia attenuates activity of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-regulated potassium channels. The authors tested the hypothesis that acute hyperglycemia interferes with isoflurane-induced preconditioning in vivo. METHODS Barbiturate-anesthetized dogs (n = 79) were instrumented for measurement of hemodynamics. Myocardial infarct size and ...