Spicules of 9 Meloidogyne, 2 Heterodera, 3 Globodera, and 12 other plant-parasitic, insect-parasitic, and free-living nematodes were excised and examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Gubernacula of some of the species were also excised, and their structure was determined. The two spicules of all species examined were symmetrically identical in morphology. The spicule typically cons...

During a survey of the parasites of antelope in the Bontebok National Park, Swellendam, Cape Province, specimens of Haemonchus contortus with exceptionally long spicules were recovered from 5 out of 8 bontebok, Damaliscus dorcas dorcas, and 3 out of 5 vaal ribbok, Pelea capreolus, but not from 4 springbok, Antidorcas marsupialis. Typically, H. contortus has spicules 0,466 +/- 0,085 mm long, but...

The secondary male sex characteristics of Hoplolaimus galeatus consisted of caudal alae, two independently retractable spicules and a gubernaculum with two bilobed titillae. The spicules were dimorphic, with the outer one possessing a velum. When both spicules were completely extruded, the only open orifice on the ventral surface of the posterior region was formed by the close association of th...

This paper describes and illustrates two new nematode species of the genus Eutobrilus found in Lake Baikal. tsalolikhini sp. nov. is most similar to E. mirandus obesus body size spicules length. It differs from its thicker body, longer outer labial setae, larger stoma, more supplements. a shorter tail, farther location vulva anterior end, olkhonensis fortis godlewskii supplements but both tail ...

Many present-day galaxies are known to harbor supermassive, ≥ 10 M⊙, black holes. These central black holes must have grown through accretion from less massive seeds in the early universe. The molecules CO and H2 can be used to trace this young population of accreting massive black holes through the Xray irradiation of ambient gas. The X-rays drive a low-metallicity ion-molecule chemistry that ...

We compare the H I column densities from Lyα absorption to the metal column densities from soft X-ray absorption in gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows. Of the eight bursts for which useful measures are obtained we find a range in metallicities from sub-solar to a few hundred times the solar value. The lack of correlation in the column densities, and the large range and extreme values of these ‘me...

During the solar journey through galactic space, variations in the physical properties of the surrounding interstellar medium (ISM) modify the heliosphere and modulate the flux of galactic cosmic rays (GCR) at the surface of the Earth, with consequences for the terrestrial record of cosmogenic radionuclides One phenomenon that needs studying is the effect on cosmogenic isotope production of cha...

A summary is given of planetary nebulae abundances from ISO measurements. It is shown that these nebulae show abundance gradients (with galactocentric distance), which in the case of neon, argon, sulfur and oxygen (with four exceptions) are the same as HII regions and early type star abundance gradients. The abundance of these elements predicted from these gradients at the distance of the Sun f...

We discuss results from numerical simulations of star cluster formation in the turbulent interstellar medium (ISM). The thermodynamic behavior of the star-forming gas plays a crucial role in fragmentation and determines the stellar mass function as well as the dynamic properties of the nascent stellar cluster. This holds for star formation in molecular clouds in the solar neighborhood as well a...