AIM The aim of the present study was to evaluate the different doses of Butyric acid (BA) and Arsenic (As) in liver mitochondria oxidative stress and pancreatic islet insulin secretion of male mouse. BACKGROUND BA is found in many foods and As as a toxic metal is present in drinking water. They can induce oxidative stress in tissues. METHODS In this experimental study, Liver mitochondria we...

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by impaired insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Quantification of the islet area in addition to the insulin-positive area is important for detailed understanding of pancreatic islet histopathology. Here we show computerized automatic recognition of the islets of Langerhans as a novel high-throughput method to quantify islet histopathology. We utilized sta...

Lipids may serve as coupling factors in K(ATP)-independent glucose sensing in beta-cells. We have previously demonstrated that beta-cells harbor lipase activities, one of which is the hormone-sensitive lipase. Whether beta-cell lipases are critical for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) by providing lipid-derived signals from endogenous lipids is unknown. Therefore, using a lipase inhi...

Although meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies have identified >60 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with type 2 diabetes and/or glycemic traits, there is little information on whether these variants also affect α-cell function. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of glycemia-associated genetic loci on islet function in vivo and in vitro. We studi...

OBJECTIVE α/β-Hydrolase domain-6 (ABHD6) is a newly identified monoacylglycerol (MAG) lipase. We recently reported that it negatively regulates glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in the β cells by hydrolyzing lipolysis-derived MAG that acts as a metabolic coupling factor and signaling molecule via exocytotic regulator Munc13-1. Whether ABHD6 and MAG play a role in response to all class...

OBJECTIVE The role of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in pancreatic β-cells is highly debated, partly because of the broad tissue distribution of UCP2 and thus limitations of whole-body UCP2 knockout mouse models. To investigate the function of UCP2 in the β-cell, β-cell-specific UCP2 knockout mice (UCP2BKO) were generated and characterized. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS UCP2BKO mice were generated...

Normal release of glucagon from pancreatic islet α-cells promotes glucose mobilization, which counteracts the hypoglycemic actions of insulin, thereby ensuring glucose homeostasis. In treatment of diabetes aimed at rigorously reducing hyperglycemia to avoid chronic complications, the resulting hypoglycemia triggering glucagon release from α-cells is frequently impaired, with ensuing hypoglycemi...

Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP or amylin) is a normal secretory product of the pancreatic beta-cell that is cosecreted with insulin and is the major constituent of islet amyloid deposits in individuals with type 2 diabetes or insulinomas. We have previously reported that glucose stimulates IAPP, but not insulin secretion, from neonatal rat beta-cells when regulated secretion is prevented by us...

The cellular response to fasting and starvation in tissues such as heart, skeletal muscle, and liver requires peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha)-dependent up-regulation of energy metabolism toward fatty acid oxidation (FAO). PPARalpha null (PPARalphaKO) mice develop hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in the fasting state, and we previously showed that PPARalpha expression i...