Introduction: antimicrobial activity of irrigants and interappointment intracanal dressing is an important consideration in endodontics . The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of chemomechanical preparation of the necrotic canals with different irrigants and intra canal dressing in the control of root canal infection and sinus tract closure. Materials &Methods: In this ...

In the Middle Ages, Muslims introduced communal water management in Iberian Peninsula. Some irrigation systems of medieval origin are still operation mountainous areas Southern Spain. Snowmelt runoff is diverted during spring from high-altitude streams into contoured recharge ditches that convey to high infiltration (shallow aquifers). This regulates and delays discharge main river, which downs...

As indicated by standards of modern dentistry, the essence endodontic treatment is chemo-mechanical disinfection root canal system. The vital element this process irrigation canals with designated solutions as well activating them. This review article summarizes various techniques activation irrigants for such manual activation, thermal, pressure, sonic, ultrasonic, and laser in order to compar...