Are task-irrelevant stimuli processed to a level enabling individual identification? This question is central both for perceptual processing models and for applied settings (e.g., eye-witness testimony). Lavie's load theory proposes that working memory actively maintains attentional prioritization of relevant over irrelevant information. Loading working memory thus impairs attentional prioritiz...

Two experiments tested competing predictions about the nature of the irrelevant speech effect that were derived from Neath's (2000) feature model and from Salamé and Baddeley's (1982) phonological loop model. The first experiment examined the combined effects of irrelevant speech and articulatory suppression when target items were presented auditorily. Contrary to the suggestions of Neath, but ...

non-verbal communication (nvc) plays a major role in various aspects of human life (andersen, 2004; cameron, 2001; johnstone, 2008). children learning their first language come to realize non-verbal communication as their socialization process takes place (fletcher & german, 1990; ingram, 1996; owens, 2001). however, most efl learners may have little exposure to these non-verbal aspects of ...

Positron emission tomography (PET) was performed in normal volunteers during a serial recall task under the influence of irrelevant speech comprising both single item repetition and multi-item sequences. An interaction approach was used to identify brain areas specifically related to the irrelevant speech effect. We interpreted activations as compensatory recruitment of complementary working me...

Data center computing is becoming pervasive in many organizations. Computing frameworks such as MapReduce [17], Hadoop [6] and Dryad [25], split jobs into small tasks that are run on the cluster’s compute nodes. Through these frameworks, computation can be performed on large datasets in a fault-tolerant way, while hiding the complexities of the distributed nature of the cluster. For these reaso...

The problem of unsupervised dimensionality reduction of stochastic variables while pre­ serving their most relevant characteristics is fundamental for the analysis of complex data. Unfortunately, this problem is ill defined since natural datasets inherently contain al­ ternative underlying structures. In this paper we address this problem by extending the re­ cently introduced "Sufficient Dimen...

ing Irrelevant Distinctions in Qualitative Simulationt Pierre Fouche( 1 ) & Benjamin Kuipers(2 ) (1 )Universitd de Technologie de Compibgne C.N .R.S . U.R.A. 817 B.P . 649 60206 Compiegne, France Email : fouche@ a frutc5l .bitnet (2)Department of Computer Sciences The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712, USA Email : kuipers@ a cs .utexas.edu Abstract : One main problem in qualitative ...

We address the problem of nding a subset of features that allows a supervised induc tion algorithm to induce small high accuracy concepts We examine notions of relevance and irrelevance and show that the de nitions used in the machine learning literature do not adequately partition the features into useful categories of relevance We present de ni tions for irrelevance and for two degrees of rel...

In 1997, Macal and Hurter [7] have found that adding a constraint to the lower level problem, which is not active at the computed global optimal solution, can destroy global optimality. In this paper this property is reconsidered and it is shown that this solution remains locally optimal under inner semicontinuity of the original solution set mapping. In the second part of the paper we prove th...

Recollection is sometimes automatic in that details of a prior encounter with an item come to mind although those details are irrelevant to a current task. For example, when asked about the size of the type in which an item was earlier presented, one might automatically recollect the location in which it was presented. We used the process dissociation procedure to show that such noncriterial re...