Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is an autoimmune disorder of the orbit that is clinically relevant in 25-50% of patients with Graves' disease and 2% of patients with chronic thyroiditis. The age-adjusted annual incidence of clinically relevant GO is 16 per 100,000 population in women and 2.9 in men. At the onset of ophthalmopathy, 80-90% of patients have hyperthyroidism, with the rest having euthyr...

The authors of guidelines provide 100 recommendations describing many intensively discussed issues. Among them is hepatotoxicity of PTU and limitation of PTU treatment mainly to the first trimester of pregnancy. Methimazole becomes first line ATD for patients with new onset of Graves’ disease. Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is classified according to its clinical activity and severity. Deterioration ...

Over the last decades, treatment of Graves’ disease has been limited to antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine ablation or surgery. Especially in paediatric age group, all three therapeutic options have their advantages and side effects.

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in relation to variables such as: age, weight, height, mother s education, number of family members, and nutritional habits among female elementary school children (age 6-12 years) in the western province of Saudi Arabia. A total of 123 female children were selected for this study. Complete blood co...

This study deals with the finds of fibulae from Hallstatt period sites Vekerzug culture Eastern Hungary and Southern Slovakia. The majority come graves, rest are either stray or settlement finds. Providing a more complex overview was at centre our interest, focused mainly on cultural spatial analysis, their possible relation to specific gender age category burial individuals importance for cost...

Background: Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease, characterized by the presence of antibodies directed to TSH receptor or nearby regions as well as antibodies to double strands DNA (dsDNA) anticardiolipin and nuclear antibodies. This study evaluated anticardiolipin and rheumatoid factor, such as IgA and IgM antibodies in patients with Graves’ disease. Patients and methods: Anticardiolipin a...

Human civilization has evolved from the Stone Age, through the Bronze Age to reach the Iron Age around 1500 B.C. There are many to contend that today we are living in the age of engineered materials, yet the importance of iron castings continues to support the thesis that we are still in the Iron Age. Cast iron, the first man-made composite, is at least 2500 years old. It remains the most impor...

Background: It has been demonstrated that free oxygen radicals have a close interaction with lipid peroxidation, causing a modification of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and facilitating LDL deposition, with the consequent formation of atherosclerosis plaques. Free radical production is catalyzed and accelerated in the presence of iron. This study was conducted to evaluate the possible associ...