through a decree of imam khomeini, the jihad-e sazandegi organ was formed in 1979 with the aim of rebuilding rural regions and providing services to the deprived areas. initially, it was not thought the jihad to be also involved in uncivil activities as well, but with the beginning of the conflicts before the imposed war and then the war itself, the necessaries required this organization to do ...

Since the end of the Cold War, nationalist, ethnic, and civic conflicts have proliferated around the globe. Thus, the optimistic notion of the “End of History” has degenerated into a “Clash of Civilizations,” at least according to some prominent thinkers of international relations.1 The United States, the United Nations, and other international actors have been drawn into several of these confl...

0

BACKGROUND Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans are returning from combat having sustained traumatic brain injury, mostcommonly mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), and experiencing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Clinical guidelines for mTBI and PTSDdo not focus on the co-occurrence of these conditions (mTBI/PTSD). A synthesis of the evidence on prevalence, diagnostic accuracy, andtreatment ...

S ince October 2001, approximately 1.64 million U.S. troops have deployed to support operations in Afghanistan and Iraq. Many have been exposed for prolonged periods to combat-related stress or traumatic events. Safeguarding the mental health of these servicemembers and veterans is an important part of ensuring the future readiness of our military force and compensating and honoring those who h...

While the detection, and prevention, of the September 11, 2001 plot would have been ideal, I argue that the more major intelligence failures occurred after the attacks of September 11. The erroneous intelligence concerning the WMD presence in Iraq permitted the Bush Administration to order the invasion of Iraq. Systematic underestimates of the budgetary costs and personnel requirements of the w...

J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 18:1 February 2009 5 ratings could be explained by teacher’s perceptions that children are more distractible as a result of trauma or other preoccupations they may have about their families. Alternatively, parents who are traumatized themselves may under report their own children’s difficulties. This study has yielded some important indicators about the prese...

The present study attempts to analyze Iraq war against Iran based on Parsons' subsystems. The main question aims at finding the social positive/negative functions of the war. According to the studies, the first effect of the war was damaging behavioral organism subsystem so that it couldn't realize its functions. Subsequently, the chaos spread to the personality subsystem. Except for the qualit...

  Abstract   Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurological   disorder with high mortality and morbidity. Some risk factors have been implicated for   ALS such as exposure to high magnetic fields, and trace elements like selenium, cadmium and lead. Afew studies have been carried out throughout the world to evaluate   the prevalence of ALS among veterans. This stud...