The history of kidney and urologic disorders dates back to the dawn of civilization. Throughout history of medicine, urine, the first bodily fluid to be examined, has continuously been studied as a means of understanding inner bodily function. The purpose of this review was to appraise the contributions of the ancient Iranian physician pioneers in the field of kidney and urological disorders, a...

BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate the current status of scientific production in the field of substance use and addiction in Iran, to determine its trend and pattern during a 5 years period (2008-2012). METHODS Using relevant keywords, we searched three international databases (Web of Science, Medline, and Scopus) and two local databases (SID and Iranmedex) to locate the papers published in the...

PURPOSE To assess whether loci other than GLC3A, GLC3B, and GLC3C are linked to primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). METHODS The gene CYP1B1 at GLC3A was screened in 19 Iranian PCG probands who had been recruited mostly from among individuals of Turkish ethnicity and individuals from central and eastern Iran. The gene MYOC was screened in patients from this cohort who lacked CYP1B1 mutations an...

BACKGROUND Several concomitant disorders especially thyroid abnormalities have been reported in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). We aimed to estimate the frequency and pattern of thyroid disorders in Iranian patients with MG. METHODS All consecutive patients with MG referred to neurology clinic of Rasool-e-Akram Hospital during 2006-2007 were enrolled. All patients underwent clinical ass...

BACKGROUND Patient empowerment can enhance the outcomes of care such as metabolic control as well as quality of their life. This study evaluates the Iranian version for development of a valid and reliable diabetes empowerment scale. METHODS Validity and reliability of Iranian version of Diabetes Empowerment Scale (DES-LF) were measured through a cross-sectional study. DES-LF was evaluated thr...

Cigarette smoking continues to be a major public health problem that specifically affects the adolescent population. The prevalence of cigarette smoking among Iranian adolescents has been reported between 2.5 to 17.0% (1). Such a broad range is primarily due to the variety of the definition of “being a smoker”, the age difference of the samples under study and the location where such studies ha...

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a main cause of failure in the chemotherapeutic treatment of malignant disorders. One of the well-known genes responsible for drug resistance encodes the multidrug resistance- associated protein (MRP1). The association of MRP1 with clinical drug resistance has not systematically been investigated in Iranian pediatric leukemia patients. We therefore applied real-tim...

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha (HNF4alpha) is a nuclear receptor involved in glucose homeostasis and is required for normal beta cell function. Mutations in the HNF4alpha gene are associated with maturity onset diabetes of the young type 1 (MODY1). The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and nature of mutations in HNF4alpha gene in Iranian patients with a clinical diagnos...

OBJECTIVES Robust scientific evidence exists about the role of non-conventional risk factors in type 2 diabetes worldwide. The current epidemiological pattern of the disease in Iran suggests a precipitating role for these non-conventional risk factors. This review was performed to examine the research evidence suggesting a higher prevalence of non-conventional type 2 diabetes risk factors in Ir...

BACKGROUND Early detection is a key to survival for gastric cancer. Molecular markers such as miRNA (microRNA) can have great importance in the early diagnosis of gastric cancer. Expression of miR-21 and miR-221 are deregulated in many types of human cancers. This study aimed to investigate the differences in miRNA expression patterns within the Iranian population. METHODS Total RNA was extra...