The present study aims to examine the short-run and long-run impact of China’s trade liberalization policies on its energy demand over period from 1980 2018. results Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach co-integration show that consumption significantly increases as a result openness increase in real Gross Domestic Product (GDP). granger causality test also confirm unidirectional running GDP...

ABSTRACT Private organizations that produce public goods often receive offers for funding from large donors who seek to influence the nature of produced. We consider a model in which potential donor creates commitment problem organization sense that, an ex ante perspective, sets price too low given opportunity cost. Our analysis identifies determinants likelihood and assesses various mechanisms...

The purpose of this study is to examine how the influence corporate social responsibility performance on financial which measured by concept 3P (Profit, People, Planet) seen from company's sustainability report while using ratio finance (current ratio, debt equity total assets turnover, and return equity). population used in research manufacturing mining company BEI Year 2013-2018, sample taken...

SUMMARY Using the Chinese setting where two partners are assigned to lead each engagement, we find that gender-diverse partner pairs improve audit quality compared same-gender pairs. We show positive effect of gender diversity is concentrated in engagements led by with similar seniority or collaborating as signatory for an engagement before clients complex operations. evaluate potential factors...

ABSTRACT Accounting studies often examine whether the relation between X and Y varies with a moderating variable, M, by including an interactive term, × in regression. We provide plain-English guidance on why, how, when to use control variables, Z, interaction tests. A simulation simple descriptions demonstrate how interacted controls affect coefficient estimates interpretations. In particular,...

ABSTRACT Corporate managers are often better informed than outside investors about the uncertain future benefits of investments. However, information investment prospects is not verifiable and therefore amenable to direct disclosure, but instead inferred by from other accounting disclosures. Given this situation, we study normative question how market’s perceptions uncertainty its beliefs expec...

ABSTRACT I develop a structural model to quantify the costs of tax avoidance. In model, firm trades off savings with audit risk, financial reporting considerations, and operational frictions imposed by avoidance, last which label as nontax costs. The estimated parameters suggest costs, are difficult observe, decrease pretax income 6.4 percent or $58 million per firm-year. large magnitude this e...

ABSTRACT We investigate the effects of state economic activity on association changes in general fund (i.e., net revenue) and borrowing cost. Extant literature has established that revenue is associated with municipal bond market metrics (e.g., true interest cost, yield spreads). Little known, however, regarding relationship between cost when considered. Based a sample 1,970 obligations bonds i...

SUMMARY This study draws on human capital theory to measure the quality of accounting personnel based their education level and investigate whether client firm’s affects auditors’ assessment audit risk by examining outcomes. It shows that auditors charge higher fees are more likely make adjustments for companies whose have a lower education. The relationship between (audit adjustments) is robus...