Passive cooling techniques have been used mostly in countries with hot and arid climates such as Iran, Egypt, and India. However, the use of this important technology has not been seriously considered until a time of energy crisis, and consequently, environmental crisis scenarios, emerge. Scholars have renewed their interest in investigating passive cooling technology, particularly the aspects ...

estimated effective precipitation (pe) in dryland areas is an essential element of water resource management. itrepresents the amount of precipitation available in the crop root zone to meet the needs of evapotranspiration. thecurrent study compared different approaches for estimating pe in different climatic zones of iran. a two-layer soil–water balance (swb) model was adopted based on the pro...

A drought risk map has been developed at the national scale by using remote-sensing satellite data over Iran combining output layers resulting from three main components of a risk-evaluation procedure including Hazard Quantification (HQ), Vulnerability Assessment (VA) and Identification Elements Risk (IER) in GIS environment. In this respect, Drought Severity (DS) was calculated monthly Normali...

Monitoring degradation in arid and semi-arid areas is one of the main concerns for governments, given growing trend. Meanwhile, detecting subjected to requiring management shortest time at lowest cost a necessity, especially border such as Hamoun Wetland, located between Iran Afghanistan. Albedo normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were calculated using remote sensing technology monito...

this paper will concentrate on the result of a research based on comparative study between two persian gardens in different micro climates in arid regions. sustainability could be observed in many aspects and elements of traditional iranian architecture and landscape architecture, and this method of design has used to solve many problems for many centuries. gardens of iran have had special role...

Middle Eastern countries suffer from dust events due to extended arid areas. Among them, Iran is a country experiencing high record of each year causing major environmental challenges. Although there are previous studies the present situations storm occurrences in Iran, most have analyzed meteorological dataset limited weather stations and areas Iran. To understand nationwide trends distributio...