Residual solvents are organic volatile impurities that can occur in the manufacture of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs). analysis pharmaceutical products is necessary not only because they represent a potential risk for human health due to their toxicity and undesirables side effects, but also may affect physicochemical proprieties product. The main objective this work was 29 residual s...

Acquisition of quasi-monoenergetic ("pristine") depth-dose curves is an essential task in the frame of commissioning and quality assurance of a proton therapy treatment head. For pencil beam scanning delivery modes this is often accomplished by measuring the integral ionization in a plane perpendicular to the axis of an unscanned beam. We focus on the evaluation of three integral detectors: two...

We have performed a detailed Monte Carlo (MC) simulation for the Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC) detector using the MC code FLUKA-2006 which is capable of simulating particles up to 10 PeV. The ATIC detector has completed two successful balloon flights from McMurdo, Antarctica lasting a total of more than 35 days. ATIC is designed as a multiple, long duration balloon flight, investi...

Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the responses of a prototype smoke detector and a commercially available photoelectric smoke detector to smoke particles generated from various combustion sources. The prototype smoke detector combines optical scattering measurements with ionization chamber measurements in order to reduce/eliminate nuisance alarms due to the presence of airborn...

Plasma concentrations of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the principal psychoactive cannabinoid in marijuana, decline to values substantially less than 1 microgram/L within a few hours after a subject has smoked a marijuana cigarette. Using a single-quadrupole gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC/MS) operated in the negative chemical-ionization mode and retrofitted with a High Energy Dynode de...

The purpose of this work was to investigate the influence of a new transmission detector on 6 MV x-ray beam properties. The device, COMPASS (IBA Dosimetry, Germany), contains 1600 plane parallel ionization chambers with a detector spacing of 6.5 mm and an active volume of 0.02 cm3. Surface dose measurements were carried out using a Markus chamber and radiochromic film for a range of field sizes...

Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the responses of a prototype smoke detector and a commercially available photoelectric smoke detector to smoke particles generated from various combustion sources. The prototype smoke detector combines optical scattering measurements with ionization chamber measurements in order to reduce/eliminate nuisance alarms due to the presence of airborn...

A new protocol was used to measure the quantity of reactive organic gases (ROG) being emitted from animal feeding operations (AFO) such as feed yards, dairies and poultry houses. The protocol makes use of a portable gas chromatograph (GC) that is brought to the field where actual measurements are taken in conjunction with the EPA flux chamber sampling protocol. To have the analyte concentration...

A commercial 2D array seven29 detector has been characterized and its performance has been evaluated. 2D array ionization chamber equipped with 729 ionization chambers uniformly arranged in a 27 × 27 matrix with an active area of 27 × 27 cm² was used for the study. An octagon-shaped phantom (Octavius Phantom) with a central cavity is used to insert the 2D ion chamber array. All measurements wer...

BACKGROUND Scanned ion beam therapy of intra-fractionally moving tumors requires motion mitigation. GSI proposed beam tracking and performed several experimental studies to analyse the dosimetric precision of the system for scanned carbon beams. METHODS A beam tracking system has been developed and integrated in the scanned carbon ion beam therapy unit at GSI. The system adapts pencil beam po...