We present various methods to record cardiac function in the larval Drosophila. The approaches allow heart rate to be measured in unrestrained and restrained whole larvae. For direct control of the environment around the heart another approach utilizes the dissected larvae and removal of the internal organs in order to bathe the heart in desired compounds. The exposed heart also allows membrane...

A brief survey of the developments leading to the concept of ion pairs and of still higher ionic aggregates is followed by detailed discussion of its physical meaning. The distinction between contact ion pairs and covalently bonded molecules is clarified by comparing gaseous dissociation processes with those taking place in solution. Such a comparison reveals clearly the significance and the ro...

A model for transport of solutes in a porous medium participating in a dissolution– precipitation reaction, in general not in equilibrium, is studied. Ignoring diffusion– dispersion the initial value problem for piecewise constant initial states is studied, which e.g. for ionic species include a change of the ionic composition of the solution. The mathematical solution, nearly explicitly found ...

A fluctuation theory for electrolyte solutions is developed based on the coupling between the equations of nonequilibrium thermodynamics and the Poisson equation. The resulting fluctuation theory is applied to the analysis of electrophoretic light scattering. It is shown that in a binary electrolyte solution (two ionic species), the Doppler shift is not determined by the electrical mobility of ...

The effect of leaf detachment on chlorophyll fluorescence was analyzed for Zea mays, Cucumis sativus, Phaseolus vulgaris, and Echinochloa crus-galli. Results clearly indicate that detachment hastens the decrease in chlorophyll fluorescence during the course of chilling experiments. For maize and bean, the activity of photosystem II of chloroplasts isolated from detached leaves is lower than tha...

Correct mass and charge assignment for large highly heterogeneous macromolecular ions (e.g., large glycoproteins with significant carbohydrate content) presents a great challenge in native electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS). A new approach to this problem combines complexity reduction (mass-selection of a narrow distribution of ionic species from a heterogeneous mixture) and gas...

South African Palabora vermiculite was modified by ion exchange with ammonium and selected alkali metal and alkaline earth metal ions. In the exchanged vermiculite with ammonium ions, it was found that ammonia and water were the blowing agents and they were simultaneously released during thermal degradation. In the increasing ionic potential series: Na, Ba, Ca and Mg, it was found that the onse...

A novel electrolyte concept for lithium-ion batteries, termed "ionic liquid-in-salt", is introduced. Our feasibility study on (1 - x)EMIMTFSI:(x)LiTFSI, 0.66 ≤ x ≤ 0.97, showed that at elevated temperatures the various dual liquid and solid phase regions are characterized by a wide thermal stability window, high ionic conductivities and appreciable mechanical integrity. The highest conductivity...

Diatom profiles in closed-basin lake sediments are commonly used to reconstruct climate change based on the observed correlations between salinity (ionic concentration) and modern diatom assemblages. Diatom assemblages are strongly correlated not only with salinity but also anion composition, with certain taxa characteristic of carbonate systems and others sulfate-dominated waters. Although str...

We study the phase behavior of solutions consisting of positive and negative ions of valence z to which a third ionic species of valence Z > z is added. Using a discretized Debye-Hückel theory, we analyze the phase behavior of such systems for different values of the ratio Z̄ ≡ Z/z. We find, for Z̄ > 1.934, a three-phase coexistence region and, for Z̄ > 2, a closed (reentrant) coexistence loop at ...