Three different ways of shifting the pCa/tension curve on the pCa axis have been studied and related to changes in the rate constants of the cross-bridge cycle. The curve midpoint shifts to higher pCa's when the substrate (Mg-ATP) is reduced from 5 to 0.25 mM, when the phosphate concentration is reduced from 7.5 mM to 0, and when the ionic strength is reduced from 0.200 to 0.120. The Hill coeff...

A green chemistry approach has been adopted for the synthesis of thirty-four new picolinium-based ionic liquids using microwave (MW) and ultrasound (US) irradiation as well as conventional thermal heating. Their structures were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 11B NMR, 19F NMR, 31P NMR, mass spectra and elemental analyses. The antimicrobial profile of the novel ionic liquids was evaluated a...

The electrostatics of micellar growth is reviewed and extended for solutions containing excess salt. In dilute solution the expansion of a linear micelle with increasing salt concentration is explained for a wide range of ionic strength. When the micellar charge density is very high, counterions condense nonuniformly onto the micellar rod. In that case the micelle may contract upon the addition...

A new approach is present for concentration effects on ionic reactions in solutions of small electrolyte concentrations. It is assumed that the mutual Coulomb interaction is felt by an ion pair only when their separation is smalller than the “Coulombic horizon”, R.,, namely when there is no intervening ion. This leads to an approximate but simple and parameterless, formula for activity coefftci...

The osmotic virial coefficient B2 of globular protein solutions is calculated as a function of added salt concentration at fixed pH by computer simulations of the "primitive model." The salt and counterions as well as a discrete charge pattern on the protein surface are explicitly incorporated. For parameters roughly corresponding to lysozyme, we find that B2 first decreases with added salt con...

Using in situ viscosity measurement, the rate of cellulose dissolution in a number of ionic liquids has been determined allowing their performance as solvents to be quantitatively assessed. 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium ethanoate was shown to dissolve cellulose faster than analogous ionic liquids with chloride or dimethylphosphate anions. Analysis of the data highlights the influence of both anio...

Mixed solutions of konjac glucomannan supplemented with xanthan and alginate were studied using the technique of sedimentation velocity in the analytical ultracentrifuge. Interactions – as manifested by changes in the sedimentation coefficient distributions compared to unmixed controls – were observed for ternary mixtures in the presence of alginate. The complexes observed also appeared sensiti...

Interactions and phase behavior of γ-globulins are of fundamental interest in biophysical and pharmaceutical research, as these are among the most abundant proteins in blood plasma. In this work, we report the characterization of the oligomeric state of bovine γ-globulin, the effective protein-protein interactions, and the colloidal stability in aqueous solution as a function of protein concent...

A neutral-carrier-based Ca2+-selective electrode exposed to whole blood exhibited an EMF-stability better than 0.13 mV (approximately 1% change of the initial activity) during 3.7 to 6.6 h. It has been used successfully to monitor ionic Ca2+ in the extracorporeal circulation during administration of calcitonin to dogs. Data simulation shows that the apparent concentration of ionic Ca2+ is affec...