Abstract Ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) are utilized in numerous established, emergent, and emerging applications for water, energy, the environment. This article reviews five different types of IEM selectivity, namely charge, valence, specific ion, ion/solvent, ion/uncharged solute selectivities. Technological pathways to advance selectivities through sorption migration mechanisms transport cri...

A twin inhibition is observed for the esterification reaction between ethanol and isovaleric acid using immobilized lipase from Rhizomucor miehei in hexane and in mixed solvent system. The observed bi-substrate inhibition pattern follows a Ping-Pong Bi-Bi mechanism with dead-end inhibition of enzyme by both the substrates. An increase in Km value for alcohol in mixed solvent (0.645 M) than in h...

A comprehensive model has been developed for calculating the thermal conductivity of aqueous, nonaqueous, and mixed-solvent electrolyte systems ranging from dilute solutions to fused salts or pure solutes. The model consists of a correlation for calculating the thermal conductivity of solvent mixtures and a method for predicting the effect of electrolyte components. The thermal conductivity of ...

In this research, a Dispersive Liquid-Liquid MicroExtraction (DLLME) method coupled to UV-vis spectrophotometry was developed for the indirect determination of silver ion. The method is based on the catalytic effect of the silver ion on the oxidation of congo red by potassium peroxodisulphate and extraction with DLLME procedure using chloroform (extraction solvent) containing cetyltrimethyl...

Molecular dynamics simulations of electron and ion transfer reactions near a smooth surface are presented, analyzing the effect of the geometrical constraint of the surface and the interfacial electric field on the relevant solvation properties of both a monovalent negative ion and a neutral atom. The simulations show that, from the solvation point of view, ion adsorption is an uphill process d...

The solvent plays an important role in a given chemical reaction. Since most reaction in nature occur in the mixed-solvent systems, a comprehensive principle for solvent optimization was required. By calculating the Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) distance Ra, we designed a model experiment to explore the influence of mixed solvents on the chemical synthesis. The synthesis of polydopamine (P...

the effects of coatingtreatments (waxand plasticbags) combined with methylsalicylate on the fruit quality and chilling injury of moro blood orange were studied during storage. treated fruits were kept in storage for 80 days at 5 oc and 90-95% relative humidity. some characteristics such as pulp and skin total phenolics, antioxidant capacity, total anthocyanin, lipid peroxidation, and the chilli...

The measurement of gas phase ion-molecule equilibria by special mass spectrometric techniques (high pressure mass spec., ICR, Flowing Afterglow) provides for the first time abundant and accurate thermochemical data for organic and inorganic ions of interest. The energies of formation so obtained used in Born cycles lead to energies of solvation of ions from gas phase to a partiular solvent. Ion...

Vibrational Stark shifts were explored in aqueous solutions of organic molecules with carbonyl- and nitrile-containing constituents. In many cases, the vibrational resonances from these moieties shifted toward lower frequency as salt was introduced into solution. This is contrast to blue-shift that would be expected based upon Onsager's reaction field theory. Salts containing well-hydrated cati...