Compartmentalization-the organization of ecological interaction networks into subsets of species that do not interact with other subsets (true compartments) or interact more frequently among themselves than with other species (modules)-has been identified as a key property for the functioning, stability and evolution of ecological communities. Invasions by entomophilous invasive plants may prof...

Invasive alien plants can compete with native plants for resources, and may ultimately decrease native plant diversity and/or abundance in invaded sites. This could have consequences for native mutualistic interactions, such as pollination. Although invasive plants often become highly connected in plant-pollinator interaction networks, in temperate climates they usually only flower for part of ...

plant tissue culture technique could provide sterile and controllable condition in order to assay direct effect of different compounds on plant growth accurately. in this study, the effects of aqueous extracts prepared from roots and shoots of goosefoot (chenopodium album l.), redroot pigweed (amaranthus retroflexus l.), fennel (foeniculum vulgare), and wormwood (artemisia absinthium l.) were e...